Migratory urge and reproductive investment in aphids: Variation within clones.

Winged aphids with a small reproductive investment take-off more readily and at a steeper angle, delay wing muscle autolysis for longer, are more resistant to starvation and have relatively more olfactory sense organs than aphids with a large reproductive investment.It is proposed that by means of such programmed tactically diverse but labile flight and reproductive strategies aphid clones are better able to exploit resources that vary both spatially and temporally.