The population dynamics and host utilization of Geomydoecus oregonus, a parasite of Thomomys bottae.

This study treats the population dynamics and host utilization of Geomydoecus oregonus Price and Emerson, a mallophagan parasite of the pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae (Eydous and Gervais). Over 135000 lice were collected from 393 gophers over a period of 20 months. Average infestation on all gophers was 357 lice. Bimonthly mean densities showed an increase in June-July of both years, and these data were statistically different from the rest. Population age structure remained relatively constant in time with 9.3% females, 7.2% males, 47.4% nymphs and 36.1% eggs. Sex-age class separation of the gophers showed juveniles of both sexes to average 86 lice; subadult males averaged 210 lice; adult males averaged 544 lice; subadult and adult females averaged 255 and 296 lice, respectively.Lice were not randomly distributed on the gopher, but were most numerous on the head and anterior dorsal body. Lice eggs were restricted to hairs around the ears and eyes of the host. Over 80% of the animals sampled had eggs restricted to that region.Embryonic development and eclosion of G. oregonus proceeded over a wide range of environmental parameters. Over 80% of the ova tested survived and hatched in conditions between 33° and 37°C and 22% and 84% relative humidity. The greatest survival was 98% at 35°C, 75% R. H. and in a 3% CO2 atmosphere.The generation time of G. oregonus was 40±6 days. Duration of embryogenesis and nymphal stadia approximated 10±2 days for each. Adult lice lived 30+ days on gophers.Age frequency mortalities were calculated as 0.02 for eggs, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.06 for nymphal instars and 0.50 for adult lice. This indicates a Type II survivorship curve.There was direct linear relationship between the number of female lice on a gopher and the number of lice eggs. The average number of eggs per female was four. Using the pivotal frequency for reproductives, it was possible to calculate R 0 for the louse at 1.272. Thus, r was equal to 0.24 per generation or 0.006 per day, and the population doubles in 2.8 generations.Speculations regarding population regulation are also included.