Rotavirus serotype-specific neutralizing activity in human milk.

A plaque reduction neutralization assay was used to determine rotavirus serotype-specific neutralizing activity in human breast milk from 25 mothers of upper socioeconomic background and 20 mothers of a lower socioeconomic status. Levels of neutralizing activity, as well as those of rotavirus-specific antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were comparable for each socioeconomic group. Overall, neutralizing activity in human milk was detected in the majority of samples and can be increased many months postpartum. The prevalence of neutralization antibodies (titers, greater than or equal to 1:10) was 77% against Wa (serotype 1), 86% against SA-11 (serotype 3), and 75% against NCDV (bovine) rotavirus. Rotavirus-specific IgA and IgG antibodies detected by ELISA (titers, greater than or equal to 1:10) were present in 35% and 55% of breast milks, respectively. Sequential analysis of repeated breast milk samples from five individual mothers revealed that rotavirus neutralizing activity fluctuated over time, with high activity observed in one mother's milk at 18 months postpartum. Mothers who breast-fed for six months or more tended to have higher milk neutralizing titers against rotavirus.