M O Visscher1,2, S A Burkes1,3,2, D M Adams4,2, A M Hammill4,2, R R Wickett3. 1. Skin Sciences Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. 2. Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. 3. James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. 4. Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Newborn infant skin changes after birth but studies have focused on the epidermal barrier. Dermal properties are relevant for care, but literature on postnatal changes is sparse. We further characterized skin maturational changes in lightness, color and response to biomechanical stress. METHODS: Normal skin sites from subsets of participants in a trial on the progression and stage of infantile hemangiomas were retrospectively examined. Standardized photographs were analyzed as L*, a*, and b* images. Biomechanics were measured with the Cutometer® . RESULTS: Color changed significantly with increasing age. Skin was darker and redder at 2.0 vs. 5.4, 8.5 and 12.8 months. Yellow color increased, with higher values at 12.8 vs. 2.0, 3.5 and 5.4 months. Chest tissue was consistently more elastic than arm and face sites, with significantly higher elasticity for the youngest and oldest age groups. Biological elasticity, elastic recovery, and total recovery were significantly greater for the oldest subjects. Viscoelasticity and elastic deformation were lower at 5.5 vs. 8.8 and 17.6 months. Arm viscoelastic creep was highest at 2.8 months. CONCLUSION: Skin maturation continues into year two. Increasing elasticity and decreasing viscoelasticity may reflect increased collagen structure/function. The findings have implications for prevention of skin injury associated with mechanical forces.
BACKGROUND: Newborn infant skin changes after birth but studies have focused on the epidermal barrier. Dermal properties are relevant for care, but literature on postnatal changes is sparse. We further characterized skin maturational changes in lightness, color and response to biomechanical stress. METHODS: Normal skin sites from subsets of participants in a trial on the progression and stage of infantile hemangiomas were retrospectively examined. Standardized photographs were analyzed as L*, a*, and b* images. Biomechanics were measured with the Cutometer® . RESULTS: Color changed significantly with increasing age. Skin was darker and redder at 2.0 vs. 5.4, 8.5 and 12.8 months. Yellow color increased, with higher values at 12.8 vs. 2.0, 3.5 and 5.4 months. Chest tissue was consistently more elastic than arm and face sites, with significantly higher elasticity for the youngest and oldest age groups. Biological elasticity, elastic recovery, and total recovery were significantly greater for the oldest subjects. Viscoelasticity and elastic deformation were lower at 5.5 vs. 8.8 and 17.6 months. Arm viscoelastic creep was highest at 2.8 months. CONCLUSION: Skin maturation continues into year two. Increasing elasticity and decreasing viscoelasticity may reflect increased collagen structure/function. The findings have implications for prevention of skin injury associated with mechanical forces.
Authors: S A Burkes; D M Adams; A M Hammill; C Chute; K P Eaton; J A Welge; R R Wickett; M O Visscher Journal: Br J Dermatol Date: 2015-07-28 Impact factor: 9.302
Authors: Shoná A Burkes; Manish Patel; Denise M Adams; Adrienne M Hammill; Kenneth P Eaton; R Randall Wickett; Marty O Visscher Journal: Int J Dermatol Date: 2016-04-08 Impact factor: 2.736
Authors: B Nedelec; N J Forget; T Hurtubise; S Cimino; F de Muszka; A Legault; W L Liu; A de Oliveira; V Calva; J A Correa Journal: Skin Res Technol Date: 2015-09-01 Impact factor: 2.365
Authors: Pablo García-Molina; Evelin Balaguer-López; Francisco Pedro García-Fernández; María de Los Ángeles Ferrera-Fernández; José María Blasco; José Verdú Journal: Int Wound J Date: 2018-06-13 Impact factor: 3.315
Authors: Maeve M Kelleher; Suzie Cro; Victoria Cornelius; Karin C Lodrup Carlsen; Håvard O Skjerven; Eva M Rehbinder; Adrian J Lowe; Eishika Dissanayake; Naoki Shimojo; Kaori Yonezawa; Yukihiro Ohya; Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada; Kumiko Morita; Emma Axon; Christian Surber; Michael Cork; Alison Cooke; Lien Tran; Eleanor Van Vogt; Jochen Schmitt; Stephan Weidinger; Danielle McClanahan; Eric Simpson; Lelia Duley; Lisa M Askie; Joanne R Chalmers; Hywel C Williams; Robert J Boyle Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2021-02-05