Gourab Datta1, Alessandro Colasanti1,2, Nicola Kalk1, David Owen1, Gregory Scott1, Eugenii A Rabiner3, Roger N Gunn1,3, Anne Lingford-Hughes1, Omar Malik1, Olga Ciccarelli4, Richard Nicholas1, Lei Nei5, Marco Battaglini6, Nicola De Stefano6, Paul M Matthews7. 1. Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. 2. Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. 3. Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom. 4. Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom. 5. Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and. 6. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. 7. Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom p.matthews@imperial.ac.uk.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess microglial activation in lesions and in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using PET. Methods: Thirty-four MS patients (7 with secondary progressive MS [SPMS], 27 with relapsing remitting MS [RRMS]) and 30 healthy volunteers, genetically stratified for translocator protein (TSPO) binding status, underwent PET scanning with TSPO radioligands (11C-PBR28 or 18F-PBR111). Regional TSPO availability was measured as a distribution volume ratio (DVR) relative to the caudate (a pseudoreference region). White matter lesions (WMLs) were classified as "active" (DVR highest in the lesion), "peripherally active" (perilesional DVR highest), "inactive" (DVR highest in surrounding NAWM), or "undifferentiated" (similar DVR across lesion, perilesional and NAWM volumes). Results: The mean DVR in NAWM of patients was greater than that of the healthy volunteer white matter for both radioligands. Uptake for individual WML in patients was heterogeneous, but the median WML DVR and NAWM DVR for individual patients were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.94, P = 4 × 10-11). A higher proportion of lesions were inactive in patients with SPMS (35%) than RRMS (23%), but active lesions were found in all patients, including those on highly efficacious treatments. Conclusion: TSPO radioligand uptake was increased in the brains of MS patients relative to healthy controls with 2 TSPO radiotracers. WML showed heterogeneous patterns of uptake. Active lesions were found in patients with both RRMS and SPMS. Their independent prognostic significance needs further investigation.
The objective of this study was to assess microglial activation in lesions and in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using PET. Methods: Thirty-four MSpatients (7 with secondary progressive MS [SPMS], 27 with relapsing remitting MS [RRMS]) and 30 healthy volunteers, genetically stratified for translocator protein (TSPO) binding status, underwent PET scanning with TSPO radioligands (11C-PBR28 or 18F-PBR111). Regional TSPO availability was measured as a distribution volume ratio (DVR) relative to the caudate (a pseudoreference region). White matter lesions (WMLs) were classified as "active" (DVR highest in the lesion), "peripherally active" (perilesional DVR highest), "inactive" (DVR highest in surrounding NAWM), or "undifferentiated" (similar DVR across lesion, perilesional and NAWM volumes). Results: The mean DVR in NAWM of patients was greater than that of the healthy volunteer white matter for both radioligands. Uptake for individual WML in patients was heterogeneous, but the median WML DVR and NAWM DVR for individual patients were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.94, P = 4 × 10-11). A higher proportion of lesions were inactive in patients with SPMS (35%) than RRMS (23%), but active lesions were found in all patients, including those on highly efficacious treatments. Conclusion:TSPO radioligand uptake was increased in the brains of MSpatients relative to healthy controls with 2 TSPO radiotracers. WML showed heterogeneous patterns of uptake. Active lesions were found in patients with both RRMS and SPMS. Their independent prognostic significance needs further investigation.
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