Literature DB >> 28299019

Vision Loss in Guillain-Barre Syndrome; a Complication or a Coincidence.

Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi1.   

Abstract

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Year:  2017        PMID: 28299019      PMCID: PMC5340055          DOI: 10.4103/2008-322X.200160

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  J Ophthalmic Vis Res        ISSN: 2008-322X


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Dear Editor, In their interesting case report, Ramakrishan et al described a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) who developed vision loss during the course of the illness and proved later to have posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).[1] Herein, the following two comments regarding that case report can be made. First, PRES is a clinical condition characterized by sudden systemic hypertension associated with headache, seizure, visual disturbance, and altered mental state. The authors mentioned that GBS with dysautonomia can be considered as an independent risk factor for the development of various clinical manifestations of PRES (such as visual disturbance) through which an acute increase in blood pressure results in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines to break the blood-brain barrier and cause vasogenic edema.[1] Such explanation cannot be applied to the current case as the patient had no documented persistent hypertension. Actually, the association of PRES without arterial hypertension with autoimmune-mediated inflammatory neuropathies such as GBS is a rare and poorly understood phenomenon. There might be another mechanism contributing to the development of PRES in this GBS patient. The authors mentioned that the patient received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 20 g/day for 5 days. On day 14 after admission, the patient had two attacks of generalized seizures to be associated later with severe vision loss in both eyes.[1] To date, various reports have described PRES as an adverse event subsequent to immunomodulatory treatment with IVIG in cases of axonal and demyelinating GBS.[234] The exact mechanism is not fully understood. Hence, in severe GBS cases, immunoadsorption has been advocated as the first-line therapy instead of IVIG for rapid removal of IgG to hasten recovery, improve functional outcome, and minimize serious aftermaths.[4] Second, the authors stated that PRES can occur concurrently with weakness or during the course of GBS.[1] It should be noted that PRES preceding the development of GBS has previously been reported.[5]

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  5 in total

Review 1.  Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as the initial manifestation of Guillain-Barré syndrome: case report and review of the literature.

Authors:  Andrea Rigamonti; Francesco Basso; Chiara Scaccabarozzi; Giuseppe Lauria
Journal:  J Peripher Nerv Syst       Date:  2012-09       Impact factor: 3.494

2.  Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and stroke after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in Miller-Fisher syndrome/Bickerstaff brain stem encephalitis overlap syndrome.

Authors:  Henning R Stetefeld; Helmar C Lehmann; Gereon R Fink; Lothar Burghaus
Journal:  J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis       Date:  2014-08-20       Impact factor: 2.136

3.  Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, cerebral vasoconstriction, and strokes after intravenous immune globulin therapy in guillain-barre syndrome.

Authors:  Christine E Doss-Esper; Aneesh B Singhal; Marsha S A Smith; Galen V Henderson
Journal:  J Neuroimaging       Date:  2005-04       Impact factor: 2.486

4.  Vision Loss in Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Is it a Complication of Guillain-Barre Syndrome or Just a Coincidence?

Authors:  Sri Ramakrishnan; Balakrishnan Kannan; Aarathy Kannan; E Prasanna Venkatesan
Journal:  J Ophthalmic Vis Res       Date:  2016 Jul-Sep

5.  Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with IVIG in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Authors:  Reiko Koichihara; Shin-Ichiro Hamano; Shintaro Yamashita; Manabu Tanaka
Journal:  Pediatr Neurol       Date:  2008-08       Impact factor: 3.372

  5 in total

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