Sex-steroids and primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

The possible importance of sex-steroids in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is examined. Epidemiological data link both oestrogens and androgens to HCC. HCC tissue contains oestrogen and androgen receptors, although there have been many methodological problems. There is a build-up of a potent androgen in HCC tissue. Some clinical evidence suggests the androgen dependence of HCC, but the role of oestrogens may be synergistic. The importance of sex-steroids in growth and aetiology of HCC is unknown and may have been overemphasized. Further studies in vitro are suggested.