Bioprosthetic mitral valve paravalvular leak closure using intracardiac echocardiography-guided three dimensional electroanatomic mapping.

The development of paravalvular leak (PVL) following surgical replacement of an aortic or mitral valve is an uncommon complication with significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical or percutaneous repair of PVL can be technically challenging. We describe the application of intracardiac echocardiography guided 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping to facilitate PVL closure in a symptomatic patient with a previously placed bioprosthetic mitral valve.