Katie Witkiewitz1, Adam D Wilson1, Matthew R Pearson1, Kevin A Hallgren2, Daniel E Falk3, Raye Z Litten3, Henry R Kranzler4, Karl F Mann5, Deborah S Hasin6, Stephanie S O'Malley7, Raymond F Anton8. 1. Department of Psychology and Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 3. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland. 4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 5. Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany. 6. Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, New York. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. 8. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed to expand the options for primary end points in the development of medications for alcohol use disorder to include either abstinence from alcohol or a nonabstinent outcome: no heavy drinking days (with a heavy drinking day defined as more than 3 drinks per day for women and more than 4 drinks per day for men [>3/>4 cutoff]). The FDA also suggested that 6 months would be the most appropriate length for a clinical trial to demonstrate the stability of this nonabstinent drinking outcome. However, few alcohol clinical trials have examined the stability of nonheavy drinking during and after treatment. METHODS: In a secondary analysis of the COMBINE study data (n = 1,383), we examined transitions in heavy drinking days during the course of treatment (months 1 through 4), during the transition out of treatment (months 4 through 7), and up to 12 months afterward (months 13 through 16) using latent variable mixture models. RESULTS:Heavy drinking and nonheavy drinking were relatively stable in consecutive months (minimum agreement [kappa] = 0.64 for months 1 to 2). Most individuals were stable low-risk drinkers/abstainers or heavy drinkers by the end of treatment, as characterized by a 10% probability (or less) of transitioning out of either a no heavy drinking state or a heavy drinking state. More than two-thirds of the heavy drinkers who exceeded the heavy drinking threshold during treatment reported, on average, a 64% reduction in drinking frequency and a 38% reduction in drinking intensity from pretreatment drinking levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results show stability of no heavy drinking as an outcome within the first 4 months of treatment and that the >3/>4 drink cutoff may mask substantial reductions in alcohol consumption among some patients. Future studies should explore the clinical utility of reduction end points.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed to expand the options for primary end points in the development of medications for alcohol use disorder to include either abstinence from alcohol or a nonabstinent outcome: no heavy drinking days (with a heavy drinking day defined as more than 3 drinks per day for women and more than 4 drinks per day for men [>3/>4 cutoff]). The FDA also suggested that 6 months would be the most appropriate length for a clinical trial to demonstrate the stability of this nonabstinent drinking outcome. However, few alcoholclinical trials have examined the stability of nonheavy drinking during and after treatment. METHODS: In a secondary analysis of the COMBINE study data (n = 1,383), we examined transitions in heavy drinking days during the course of treatment (months 1 through 4), during the transition out of treatment (months 4 through 7), and up to 12 months afterward (months 13 through 16) using latent variable mixture models. RESULTS: Heavy drinking and nonheavy drinking were relatively stable in consecutive months (minimum agreement [kappa] = 0.64 for months 1 to 2). Most individuals were stable low-risk drinkers/abstainers or heavy drinkers by the end of treatment, as characterized by a 10% probability (or less) of transitioning out of either a no heavy drinking state or a heavy drinking state. More than two-thirds of the heavy drinkers who exceeded the heavy drinking threshold during treatment reported, on average, a 64% reduction in drinking frequency and a 38% reduction in drinking intensity from pretreatment drinking levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results show stability of no heavy drinking as an outcome within the first 4 months of treatment and that the >3/>4 drink cutoff may mask substantial reductions in alcohol consumption among some patients. Future studies should explore the clinical utility of reduction end points.
Authors: Raymond F Anton; Stephanie S O'Malley; Domenic A Ciraulo; Ron A Cisler; David Couper; Dennis M Donovan; David R Gastfriend; James D Hosking; Bankole A Johnson; Joseph S LoCastro; Richard Longabaugh; Barbara J Mason; Margaret E Mattson; William R Miller; Helen M Pettinati; Carrie L Randall; Robert Swift; Roger D Weiss; Lauren D Williams; Allen Zweben Journal: JAMA Date: 2006-05-03 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Justin Knox; Melanie Wall; Katie Witkiewitz; Henry R Kranzler; Daniel E Falk; Raye Litten; Karl Mann; Stephanie S O'Malley; Jennifer Scodes; Raymond Anton; Deborah S Hasin Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2019-05-29 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Justin Knox; Jennifer Scodes; Melanie Wall; Katie Witkiewitz; Henry R Kranzler; Daniel Falk; Raye Litten; Karl Mann; Stephanie S O'Malley; Raymond Anton; Deborah S Hasin Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2019-02-14 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Lara A Ray; Han Du; Erica Grodin; Spencer Bujarski; Lindsay Meredith; Diana Ho; Steven Nieto; Kate Wassum Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2019-11-14 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Justin Knox; Jennifer Scodes; Katie Witkiewitz; Henry R Kranzler; Karl Mann; Stephanie S O'Malley; Melanie Wall; Raymond Anton; Deborah S Hasin Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2020-07-03 Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Katie Witkiewitz; Matthew R Pearson; Kevin A Hallgren; Stephen A Maisto; Corey R Roos; Megan Kirouac; Adam D Wilson; Kevin S Montes; Nick Heather Journal: Addiction Date: 2017-06-26 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Justin Knox; Melanie Wall; Katie Witkiewitz; Henry R Kranzler; Daniel Falk; Raye Litten; Karl Mann; Stephanie S O'Malley; Jennifer Scodes; Raymond Anton; Deborah S Hasin Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2018-10-03 Impact factor: 3.455