| Literature DB >> 28292068 |
Jihène Chelli1, Foued Bellazreg1, Abir Aouem2, Zouhour Hattab1, Hèla Mesmia2, Nadia Ben Lasfar1, Wissem Hachfi1, Tasnim Masmoudi3, Mohamed Chakroun2, Amel Letaief1.
Abstract
Antiretroviral tritherapy has contributed to a considerable reduction in HIV-related mortality. The causes of death are dominated by opportunistic infections in developing countries and by cardiovascular diseases and cancer in developed countries. To determine the causes and risk factors associated with death in HIV-infected patients in two Tunisian medical centers. cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients over 15 years treated at Sousse and Monastir medical centers between 2000 and 2014. Death was considered related to HIV if its primary cause was AIDS-defining illness or if it was due to an opportunistic infection of unknown etiology with CD4 < 50 cells/mm3; it was considered unrelated to HIV if its primary cause wasn't an AIDS defining illness or if it was due to an unknown cause if no information was available. Two hundred thirteen patients, 130 men (61%) and 83 women (39%), average age 40 ± 11 years were enrolled in the study. Fifty four patients died, the mortality rate was 5.4/100 patients/year. Annual mortality rate decreased from 5.8% in 2000-2003 to 2.3% in 2012-2014. Survival was 72% at 5 years and 67% at 10 years. Death events were associated with HIV in 70.4% of cases. The leading causes of death were pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cryptococcal meningitis in 6 cases (11%) each. Mortality risk factors were a personal history of opportunistic infections, duration of antiretroviral therapy < 12 months and smoking. Strengthening screening, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy and fight against tobacco are needed to reduce mortality in patients infected with HIV in Tunisia.Entities:
Keywords: Causes of death; HIV; Tunisia; opportunistic infections; risk factors
Mesh:
Year: 2016 PMID: 28292068 PMCID: PMC5325519 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.105.9748
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Pan Afr Med J
Figure 1Evolution annuelle du taux de mortalité des patients infectés par le VIH
Causes de décès des patientsinfectés par le VIH
| Causes de décès | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Infections opportunistes | 24 (44,4) |
| Pneumocystose | 6 (11,1) |
| Cryptococcose | 6 (11,1) |
| Toxoplasmose | 3 (5,6) |
| Autres | 9 (16,7) |
| Cancers | 5 (9,2) |
| Lymphome | 4 (7,4) |
| Sarcome de kaposi | 1 (1,8) |
| Indéterminée | 9 (16,7) |
| Total | 54 (100) |
Tuberculose (2), leucoencéphalite multifocale progressive (2), infection à CMV (2); encéphalite VIH (2), cryptosporidiose (1).
Pneumopathie grave (3), pneumopathie à Scedosporuim (1), méningo-encéphalite à pneumocoque (1), cancer du larynx (1), hépatite virale C (1), déshydratation aigue (1)
Caractéristiques cliniques et immuno-virologiques des patients et facteurs de risque de décès
| Analyse univariée | Analyse multivariée | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Décédés (n, %) | Non décédés (n, %) | p | OR (IC 95%) | p | OR (IC 95%) | |
| Genre | 0,5 | 0,8 [0,42-1,53] | ||||
| Féminin | 19 (35,2) | 64 (40,3) | ||||
| Masculin | 35 (64,8) | 95 (59,7) | ||||
| Age (années) | 0,05 | 1,87 [0,99-3,5] | ||||
| > 40 | 29 (55,8) | 64 (40,3) | ||||
| < 40 | 23 (44,2) | 95 (59,7) | ||||
| ancienneté del’infection par le VIH | 0,001 | 4,9 [2,24-10,96] | ||||
| <12 mois | 22 (57,9) | 23 (21,7) | ||||
| >12 mois | 16 (42,1) | 83 (78,3) | ||||
| CD4 au moment du diagnostic (/mm3) | 0,001 | 6,05 [2,23-16,41] | ||||
| < 200 | 32 (86,6) | 74 (51,4) | ||||
| > 200 | 5 (13,5) | 70 (48,5) | ||||
| CV | 0,5 | 0,67 [0,18-2,467] | ||||
| < 10 000 | 3 (12,5) | 21 (17,5) | ||||
| > 10 000 | 21 (87,5) | 99 (82,5) | ||||
| nadir des CD4 (/mm3) | ||||||
| < 50 | 45 (67,2) | 22 (32,8) | 0,003 | 0,23 [0,08-0,66] | ||
| > 50 | 44 (89,8) | 5 (10,2) | ||||
| Antécédents d’IO | 0,001 | 11,3 [3,55-36,02] | 0,001 | 11,3 [3,5-36,02] | ||
| Oui | 41 (80,4) | 61 (41,8) | ||||
| Non | 10 (19,6) | 85 (58,2) | ||||
| Tabac | 0,03 | 2,18 [1,04-4,5] | 0,008 | 4,3 [1,47-12,36] | ||
| Oui | 26 (65) | 56 (45,9) | ||||
| Non | 14 (35) | 66 (54,1) | ||||
| Alcool | 0,15 | 1,7 [0,82-3,52] | ||||
| Oui | 29 (53,8) | 48 (40,6) | ||||
| Non | 18 (46,1) | 70 (64,8) | ||||
| Trithérapie antirétrovirale | 0,64 | 0,8 [0,33-1,95] | ||||
| Oui | 38 (82,6) | 135(85,4) | ||||
| Non | 8 (17,4) | 23 (14,6) | ||||
| durée de la TAR | 0,001 | 3,82 [1,78-8,17] | 0,001 | 1,08 [1,01-1,04] | ||
| < 12 mois | 19 (50) | 28 (20,7) | ||||
| > 12 mois | 19 (50) | 107(79,3) | ||||
charge virale
infection opportuniste
trithérapie antirétrovirale
Causes de décès des patients infectés par le VIH dans la littérature, exprimés en pourcentages
| Causes de décès | Maroc (n=1243) 1999-2009 [ | Corée (n=327) 1998-2006 [ | Brésil (n=1538) 1997-2006 [ | Europe, Am. du Nord, Australie (n=49731) 1999-2011 [ | France (n=82000) (2010) [ | Notre étude (n=213) 2000-2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuberculose | 35 | 22,1 | - | - | 4 | 3,7 |
| Pneumocystose | 0 | 10,3 | - | - | - | 11,1 |
| Toxoplasmose | 9 | 0 | - | - | - | 5,6 |
| Cryptococcose | 13 | 1,5 | - | - | - | 11,1 |
| Cryptosporidiose | 19 | 0 | - | - | - | 1,8 |
| Mycob. | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 |
| Syndrome cachectique | 1 | 10,3 | - | - | - | 0 |
| SIRI | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 |
| Infection à CMV | 0 | 1,5 | - | - | - | 3,7 |
| LEMP | 0 | 1,5 | - | - | 3 | 3,7 |
| Encéphalite à VIH | 0 | 3 | - | - | - | 3,7 |
| Lymphomes NH | 4 | 5,9 | - | - | 7,3 | 7,4 |
| Sarcome de Kaposi | 6 | 0 | - | - | 1,5 | 1,8 |
| Cancer du col | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0,5 | 0 |
| Aspergillose | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 |
| Maladie hépatique | 2 | 7,4 | 3,5 | 13 | 11 | 1,8 |
| Cancers | 1 | 4,4 | 3,5 | 15 | 27 | 1,8 |
| Infection bactérienne | 0 | 5,9 | 8,4 | 7 | - | 7,4 |
| MCV | 0 | 7,4 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 0 |
| Maladie gastro-intestinale | 0 | 2,9 | - | - | 10 | 0 |
| Accident | 0 | 1,5 | - | 2 | - | 0 |
| Suicide | 0 | 7,4 | - | 4 | - | 0 |
| Homicide | 0 | 0 | - | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| overdose | 0 | 0 | - | 3 | - | 0 |
| Insuffisance rénale | 0 | 0 | - | 1 | - | 0 |
| Pancréatite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Autres | 0 | 0 | 23,9 | 6 | 5 | 3,7 |
infections opportunistes
mycobactériose
syndrome inflammatoire de restauration immunitaire
leucoencéphalite multifocale progressive
non Hodgkinien
maladie cardiovasculaire.