| Literature DB >> 28292038 |
Hayat Najih1, Salim Arous1, Aziza Laarje1, Dalila Baghdadi1, Mohamed Ghali Benouna1, Leila Azzouzi1, Rachida Habbal1.
Abstract
Rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (MVS) is a frequent valvulopathy in developing countries. However, industrialized countries have seen the emergence of new etiologies of MVS in recent years, in particular drug-induced and/or toxic valvular regurgitation and stenosis. For this reason, the echocardiographic assessment of MVS and especially the definition of objective diagnostic criteria for severe MVS remains relevant. The objectives are: to determine whether there is a direct causal link between mean transmitral gradient (MTG) and severity of MVS in patients with severe MVS or true severe MVS (primary criterion); to analyze different parameters determining mean transmitral gradient (MTG) (secondary criterion). We conducted a single-center cross-sectional study including all patients with severe or true severe MVS admitted to the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ibn Rushd, Casablanca over a period of one year (January 2014-December 2014). We analyzed data from two groups of patients separately: those with a mean transmitral gradient<10 mmHg (group 1) and those with a gradient>10mmHg (group 2). 50 patients with severe or true severe MVS have been included in the study. The average age of our patients was 41.7 years with a female predominance (sex ratio 0,25). 64% of patients had severe MVS and 36% of patients had true severe MVS. 52% (26 patients) had MTG < 10mmHg and 48% (24 patients) had mean gradient> 10mmHg, suggesting no direct correlation between the severity of MVS and MTG (Pearson's correlation coefficient R: -0,137). With regards to dyspnea, 80% of patients of group 1 had stage II NYHA dyspnea (classification system) and 70% of patients of group 2 had stage III NYHA dyspnea (41%) or IV NYHA dyspnea (29%), which means that there was a significant correlation between MTG and the severity of dyspnea (R: 0,586 and p: 0,001). The analytical study of heart rate and the presence of cardiac decompensation compared with mean gradient transmitral showed a significant correlation. Indeed, among patients in group 1, 96% had HR between 60 and 100 bpm and no patient had decompensated heart failure. In group 2, 54% (13 patients) had a HR> 100 bpm and 7 of them (53%) had left decompensated heart failure. The analysis of systolic pulmonary artery pressure conducted in both groups of the study revealed the existence of a statistically significant correlation (R: 0,518 and P: 0,001) between systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and MTG. Ventricular rhythm regularity and right ventricular function were not correlated with MTG (R: 0,038 and R: - 0,002 respectively). Mean transmitral gradient is a good indicator of mitral stenosis tolerance but it imperfectly reflects mitral stenosis severity as this depends on several hemodynamic parameters. True severe mitral stenosis may have mean transmitral gradient < 10mmHg, that is why the value of MTG should never be interpreted as single value.Entities:
Keywords: Severe mitral stenosis; mean transmitral gradient; surface of the mitral valve
Mesh:
Year: 2016 PMID: 28292038 PMCID: PMC5324152 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.75.8797
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Pan Afr Med J
Caractéristiques démographiques et cliniques de la population étudiée
| CARACERISTIQUES | |
|---|---|
| 41,7 | |
| <45 ans | 30 patients (60%) |
| Entre 45 et 65 ans | 19 patients (38%) |
| >65 ans | 1 patient (2%) |
| 0,25 | |
| 18 patients (36%) | |
| Tabac | 4 patients (8%) |
| Diabète | 2 patients (4%) |
| HTA | 5 patients (10%) |
| Ménopause | 7 patients (14%) |
| Antécédents d’AVCI | 10 patients (20%) |
| <60 bpm | 1 patient (2%) |
| Entre 60 et 100 bpm | 36 patients (72%) |
| >100 bpm | 13 patients (26%) |
| Stade I de la NYHA | 1 patient (2%) |
| Stade II de la NYHA | 28 patients (56%) |
| Stade III de la NYHA | 14 patients (28%) |
| Stade IV de la NYHA | 7 patients (14%) |
| < 2 ans | 31 patients (62%) |
| > 2ans | 19 patients (38%) |
| 7 patients (14%) | |
| Rythme régulier sinusal (RRS) | 26 patients (52%) |
| Fibrillation atriale | 24 patients (48%) |
| RM serré <1,5 cm² | 32 patients (64%) |
| RM très serré <1 cm² | 18 patients (36%) |
Corrélation entre la surface mitrale et le GMT
| SM <1,5 cm² | SM<1 cm² | Total de patients | Coefficient de Pearson | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GROUPE 1: Gradient moyen <10 mmHg | 15 | 11 | 26 | -0,137 |
| GROUPE 2: Gradient moyen >10 mmHg | 17 | 7 | 24 |
Corrélation entre le gradient moyen transmitral et les paramètres cliniques, électrocardiographiques et écho cardiographiques étudiés
| Gradient moyen<10 mmHg (nombre de patients) | Gradient moyen>10 mmHg (nombre de patients) | Coefficient de corrélation de Pearson (R) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | 24 | -0,137 | |
| 0,586+ | |||
| Stade II | 21 | 7 | |
| Stade III | 4 | 10 | |
| Stade IV | 0 | 7 | |
| 0,615+ | |||
| <60 bpm | 1 | 0 | |
| Entre 60 et 100 bpm | 25 | 11 | |
| >100bpm | 0 | 13 | |
| 0,518+ | |||
| <35 mmHg | 17 | 3 | |
| Entre 35 et 50 mmHg | 6 | 11 | |
| >50 mmHg | 3 | 10 | |
| -0,002 | |||
| Bonne | 18 | 17 | |
| Conservée | 4 | 5 | |
| Moyenne | 4 | 0 | |
| altérée | 0 | 2 | |
| 0,038 | |||
| Rythme régulier sinusal | 14 | 12 | |
| ACFA | 12 | 12 |