Ulrich Koller1, Sebastian Apprich2, Benjamin Schmitt3, Reinhard Windhager2, Siegfried Trattnig4. 1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. ulrich.koller@meduniwien.ac.at. 2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. 3. Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare Pty Ltd, Macquarie Park, Australia. 4. Centre of Excellence for High-Field MR, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging method (gagCEST) makes it possible to assess and quantify the GAG concentration in human cartilage. This biochemical imaging technique facilitates detection of the loss of GAG in the course of osteoarthritis. The gagCEST technique was used to analyse the perilesional zone (PLZ) adjacent to repair tissue after cartilage repair surgery, to determine whether there are biochemical changes present in the sense of degeneration. METHOD: Asymmetries in the PLZ of cartilage defects in 11 patients, who had been treated by microfracturing or matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT), were measured by gagCEST on a 7-T whole-body system. These results were correlated with gagCEST asymmetries of healthy reference cartilage (RC), measured anterior and posterior to the PLZ and to the repair tissue (RT). RESULTS: The mean gagCEST asymmetry for the anterior PLZ was 4.8% (±4.4), for the posterior PLZ 5.4% (±2.3), for the anterior RC 6.6% (±3.5) and 7.2% (±3.3) for the posterior RC and 4.5% (±2.3) for the RT. The difference between the anterior PLZ and the anterior RC (p = 0.019), the posterior PLZ and the posterior RC (p = 0.005), and the mean RC and the RT (p = 0.021) were all statistically significant. The measurements between RT and mean PLZ did not reveal significant results (p = 0.398). CONCLUSIONS: The gagCEST method provides a potentially useful biomarker for the loss of GAGs, indicating cartilage degeneration in the PLZ. Pre-operative and post-operative monitoring of the biomechanical state of the cartilage might influence intra-operative decision-making concerning the extent of cartilage resection or might give information of the success of the treatment post-operatively.
PURPOSE: The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging method (gagCEST) makes it possible to assess and quantify the GAG concentration in humancartilage. This biochemical imaging technique facilitates detection of the loss of GAG in the course of osteoarthritis. The gagCEST technique was used to analyse the perilesional zone (PLZ) adjacent to repair tissue after cartilage repair surgery, to determine whether there are biochemical changes present in the sense of degeneration. METHOD: Asymmetries in the PLZ of cartilage defects in 11 patients, who had been treated by microfracturing or matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT), were measured by gagCEST on a 7-T whole-body system. These results were correlated with gagCEST asymmetries of healthy reference cartilage (RC), measured anterior and posterior to the PLZ and to the repair tissue (RT). RESULTS: The mean gagCEST asymmetry for the anterior PLZ was 4.8% (±4.4), for the posterior PLZ 5.4% (±2.3), for the anterior RC 6.6% (±3.5) and 7.2% (±3.3) for the posterior RC and 4.5% (±2.3) for the RT. The difference between the anterior PLZ and the anterior RC (p = 0.019), the posterior PLZ and the posterior RC (p = 0.005), and the mean RC and the RT (p = 0.021) were all statistically significant. The measurements between RT and mean PLZ did not reveal significant results (p = 0.398). CONCLUSIONS: The gagCEST method provides a potentially useful biomarker for the loss of GAGs, indicating cartilage degeneration in the PLZ. Pre-operative and post-operative monitoring of the biomechanical state of the cartilage might influence intra-operative decision-making concerning the extent of cartilage resection or might give information of the success of the treatment post-operatively.
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