Oluwakemi R Ajayi1, Glenda Matthews1, Myra Taylor2, Jane Kvalsvig2, Leslie L Davidson3, Shuaib Kauchali4, Claude A Mellins5. 1. School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. 2. Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. 4. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. 5. HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate 6-year-old to 8-year-old children's health, nutritional status and cognitive development in a predominantly rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. METHODS: Cohort study of 1383 children investigating the association of demographic variables (area of residence, sex, pre-school education, HIV status, height for age and haemoglobin level) and family variables (socioeconomic status, maternal and paternal level of education), with children's cognitive performance. The latter was measured using the Grover-Counter Scale of Cognitive Development and subtests of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition (KABC-II). General linear models were used to determine the effect of these predictors. RESULTS: Area of residence and height-for-age were the statistically significant factors affecting cognitive test scores, regardless of attending pre-school. Paternal level of education was also significantly associated with the cognitive test scores of the children for all three cognitive test results, whereas HIV status, sex and their socioeconomic status were not. CONCLUSION: Children with low cognitive scores tended to be stunted (low height-for-age scores), lacked pre-school education and were younger. Area of residence and their parents' educational level also influenced their cognition.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate 6-year-old to 8-year-old children's health, nutritional status and cognitive development in a predominantly rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. METHODS: Cohort study of 1383 children investigating the association of demographic variables (area of residence, sex, pre-school education, HIV status, height for age and haemoglobin level) and family variables (socioeconomic status, maternal and paternal level of education), with children's cognitive performance. The latter was measured using the Grover-Counter Scale of Cognitive Development and subtests of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition (KABC-II). General linear models were used to determine the effect of these predictors. RESULTS: Area of residence and height-for-age were the statistically significant factors affecting cognitive test scores, regardless of attending pre-school. Paternal level of education was also significantly associated with the cognitive test scores of the children for all three cognitive test results, whereas HIV status, sex and their socioeconomic status were not. CONCLUSION:Children with low cognitive scores tended to be stunted (low height-for-age scores), lacked pre-school education and were younger. Area of residence and their parents' educational level also influenced their cognition.
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