Srinivas Marmamula1,2,3,4, Rohit C Khanna1,3, Eswararao Kunuku1, Gullapalli N Rao1,2. 1. Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. 2. Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. 3. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. 4. Wellcome Trust/Department of Biotechnology India Alliance, Research Fellow, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: The study highlights the burden of near visual impairment (NVI) in India. BACKGROUND: NVI is a common condition that can be addressed through provision of spectacles. The study aims to assess the prevalence of NVI and spectacle coverage among those aged ≥40 years in south Indian state of Telangana. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study using a rapid assessment methodology. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand one hundred forty participants enumerated from 123 clusters in two districts and have presenting distance visual acuity of ≥6/18 in the better eye. METHODS: Presenting near vision was assessed binocularly at a fixed distance of 40 cm using a log MAR chart with tumbling E optotypes in ambient lighting conditions. If the presenting near vision was worse than 6/12 (log MAR 0.3), then it was re-assessed with addition lens appropriate to the age. NVI was defined as binocular presenting near vision worse than 6/12. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of NVI and spectacle coverage. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 51.1 years (standard deviation: 9.3 years), and 46.5% (n = 2392) were women. About 80% (n = 4142) of them had no education, and 21.9% (n = 1126) were using spectacles for near vision. Nearly half of the participants were from Adilabad district (n = 2665). The prevalence of NVI was 58.3% (95% confidence interval: 56.9-59.6). NVI was associated with older age groups, male gender and no education. The spectacle coverage was 26.5%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: NVI is common in rural Telangana with low spectacle coverage. Service delivery programs should use a multi-pronged approach to address the burden of NVI.
IMPORTANCE: The study highlights the burden of near visual impairment (NVI) in India. BACKGROUND: NVI is a common condition that can be addressed through provision of spectacles. The study aims to assess the prevalence of NVI and spectacle coverage among those aged ≥40 years in south Indian state of Telangana. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study using a rapid assessment methodology. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand one hundred forty participants enumerated from 123 clusters in two districts and have presenting distance visual acuity of ≥6/18 in the better eye. METHODS: Presenting near vision was assessed binocularly at a fixed distance of 40 cm using a log MAR chart with tumbling E optotypes in ambient lighting conditions. If the presenting near vision was worse than 6/12 (log MAR 0.3), then it was re-assessed with addition lens appropriate to the age. NVI was defined as binocular presenting near vision worse than 6/12. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of NVI and spectacle coverage. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 51.1 years (standard deviation: 9.3 years), and 46.5% (n = 2392) were women. About 80% (n = 4142) of them had no education, and 21.9% (n = 1126) were using spectacles for near vision. Nearly half of the participants were from Adilabad district (n = 2665). The prevalence of NVI was 58.3% (95% confidence interval: 56.9-59.6). NVI was associated with older age groups, male gender and no education. The spectacle coverage was 26.5%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: NVI is common in rural Telangana with low spectacle coverage. Service delivery programs should use a multi-pronged approach to address the burden of NVI.