Kristin Wesnes1, Kjell-Morten Myhr2, Trond Riise3, Marianna Cortese1, Maura Pugliatti4, Inger Boström5, Anne-Marie Landtblom6, Christina Wolfson7, Kjetil Bjørnevik3. 1. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway/The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 2. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway/The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Registry and Biobank, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 3. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway/The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 4. Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy/Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 5. Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden. 6. Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden/Department of Neuroscience/Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada/The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The lifestyle factors smoking and obesity have been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical activity (PA) may also be of importance. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between PA and MS risk in Italy, Norway, and Sweden and to evaluate the possible influence by established risk factors. METHODS: In this case-control study, 1904 cases and 3694 controls were asked to report their average weekly amounts of light and vigorous PA during adolescence on a scale ranging from none to more than 3 hours activity. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Vigorous PA was inversely associated with MS risk in the pooled analysis ( p-trend < 0.001) with an age- and sex-adjusted OR of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63-0.87) when comparing the highest and lowest levels. Adjusting for outdoor activity, infectious mononucleosis, body size, and smoking yielded similar results. The association was present in all countries and was not affected by exclusion of patients with early disease onset. Light PA was not associated with the risk of MS. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that vigorous PA can modify the risk of developing MS independent of established risk factors.
BACKGROUND: The lifestyle factors smoking and obesity have been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical activity (PA) may also be of importance. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between PA and MS risk in Italy, Norway, and Sweden and to evaluate the possible influence by established risk factors. METHODS: In this case-control study, 1904 cases and 3694 controls were asked to report their average weekly amounts of light and vigorous PA during adolescence on a scale ranging from none to more than 3 hours activity. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Vigorous PA was inversely associated with MS risk in the pooled analysis ( p-trend < 0.001) with an age- and sex-adjusted OR of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63-0.87) when comparing the highest and lowest levels. Adjusting for outdoor activity, infectious mononucleosis, body size, and smoking yielded similar results. The association was present in all countries and was not affected by exclusion of patients with early disease onset. Light PA was not associated with the risk of MS. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that vigorous PA can modify the risk of developing MS independent of established risk factors.
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