Constantina Boikos1, Jesse Papenburg2, Christine Martineau3, Lawrence Joseph1, David Scheifele4, Mark Chilvers5, Larry C Lands6, Gaston De Serres7, Caroline Quach1,2,7,8. 1. a Department of Epidemiology , Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada. 2. b Department of Pediatrics , Division of Infectious Diseases, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada. 3. c Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec , QC , Canada. 4. d Vaccine Evaluation Center, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia , BC , Canada. 5. e Director, Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, University of British Columbia , BC , Canada. 6. f Department of Pediatrics , Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada. 7. g Direction des risques biologiques et de la santé au travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec , QC , Canada. 8. h McGill University Health Centre, Vaccine Study Centre, Research Institute of the MUHC , Montreal , QC , Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of viral co-detection in individuals recently vaccinated with the live-attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine (LAIV) on the detection of influenza RNA. METHODS: Before the 2013-2014 influenza season, nasal swabs were obtained from 59 pediatric participants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 17 of their healthy siblings immediately before vaccination and 4 times during the week of follow-up. Real-time RT-PCR assays were used to detect influenza RNA. Co-detection of a non-influenza respiratory virus (NIRV) at the time of vaccination was determined by a multiplex RT-PCR assay. Differences in the proportions and rates of influenza detection and their 95% credible intervals (CrI) were estimated. RESULTS: Influenza RNA was detected in 16% fewer participants (95% CrI: -7, 39%) throughout follow-up in the NIRV-positive group compared with the NIRV-negative group (59% vs. 75%). This was also observed in participants with CF alone (66% vs. 74%; RD = 8% 95% CrI: -16, 33%) as well as in healthy participants only (75% vs. 30%; RD = 45%, 95% CrI: -2, 81%). Influenza was detected in NIRV-negative subjects for 0.49 d more compared with NIRV-positive subjects (95% CrI: -0.37, 1.26). CONCLUSION: The observed proportion of subjects in whom influenza RNA was detected and the duration of detection differed slightly between NIRV- positive and -negative subjects. However, wide credible intervals for the difference preclude definitive conclusions. If true, this observed association may be related to a recent viral respiratory infection, a phenomenon known as viral interference.
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of viral co-detection in individuals recently vaccinated with the live-attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine (LAIV) on the detection of influenza RNA. METHODS: Before the 2013-2014 influenza season, nasal swabs were obtained from 59 pediatric participants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 17 of their healthy siblings immediately before vaccination and 4 times during the week of follow-up. Real-time RT-PCR assays were used to detect influenza RNA. Co-detection of a non-influenza respiratory virus (NIRV) at the time of vaccination was determined by a multiplex RT-PCR assay. Differences in the proportions and rates of influenza detection and their 95% credible intervals (CrI) were estimated. RESULTS:Influenza RNA was detected in 16% fewer participants (95% CrI: -7, 39%) throughout follow-up in the NIRV-positive group compared with the NIRV-negative group (59% vs. 75%). This was also observed in participants with CF alone (66% vs. 74%; RD = 8% 95% CrI: -16, 33%) as well as in healthy participants only (75% vs. 30%; RD = 45%, 95% CrI: -2, 81%). Influenza was detected in NIRV-negative subjects for 0.49 d more compared with NIRV-positive subjects (95% CrI: -0.37, 1.26). CONCLUSION: The observed proportion of subjects in whom influenza RNA was detected and the duration of detection differed slightly between NIRV- positive and -negative subjects. However, wide credible intervals for the difference preclude definitive conclusions. If true, this observed association may be related to a recent viral respiratory infection, a phenomenon known as viral interference.
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