BACKGROUND: This paper presents the Generative Anatomy Modeling Language (GAML) for generating variation of 3D virtual human anatomy in real-time. This framework provides a set of operators for modification of a reference base 3D anatomy. The perturbation of the 3D models is satisfied with nonlinear geometry constraints to create an authentic human anatomy. METHODS: GAML was used to create 3D difficult anatomical scenarios for virtual simulation of airway management techniques such as Endotracheal Intubation (ETI) and Cricothyroidotomy (CCT). Difficult scenarios for each technique were defined and the model variations procedurally created with GAML. CONCLUSION: This study presents details of the GAML design, set of operators, types of constraints. Cases of CCT and ETI difficulty were generated and confirmed by expert surgeons. Execution performance pertaining to an increasing complexity of constraints using nonlinear programming was in real-time execution.
BACKGROUND: This paper presents the Generative Anatomy Modeling Language (GAML) for generating variation of 3D virtual human anatomy in real-time. This framework provides a set of operators for modification of a reference base 3D anatomy. The perturbation of the 3D models is satisfied with nonlinear geometry constraints to create an authentic human anatomy. METHODS: GAML was used to create 3D difficult anatomical scenarios for virtual simulation of airway management techniques such as Endotracheal Intubation (ETI) and Cricothyroidotomy (CCT). Difficult scenarios for each technique were defined and the model variations procedurally created with GAML. CONCLUSION: This study presents details of the GAML design, set of operators, types of constraints. Cases of CCT and ETI difficulty were generated and confirmed by expert surgeons. Execution performance pertaining to an increasing complexity of constraints using nonlinear programming was in real-time execution.
Keywords:
airway management; authentic human anatomy; modeling language for human anatomy; nonlinear constraints framework; nonlinear programming; virtual human anatomy
Authors: Jeffrey L Apfelbaum; Carin A Hagberg; Robert A Caplan; Casey D Blitt; Richard T Connis; David G Nickinovich; Carin A Hagberg; Robert A Caplan; Jonathan L Benumof; Frederic A Berry; Casey D Blitt; Robert H Bode; Frederick W Cheney; Richard T Connis; Orin F Guidry; David G Nickinovich; Andranik Ovassapian Journal: Anesthesiology Date: 2013-02 Impact factor: 7.892
Authors: Doga Demirel; Kathryn L Butler; Tansel Halic; Ganesh Sankaranarayanan; David Spindler; Caroline Cao; Emil Petrusa; Marcos Molina; Daniel B Jones; Suvranu De; Marc A deMoya Journal: Am J Surg Date: 2015-10-19 Impact factor: 2.565
Authors: Doga Demirel; Alexander Yu; Tansel Halic; Ganesh Sankaranarayanan; Adam Ryason; David Spindler; Kathryn L Butler; Caroline Cao; Emil Petrusa; Marcos Molina; Dan Jones; Suvranu De; Marc Demoya; Stephanie Jones Journal: Stud Health Technol Inform Date: 2016