Anatomic, Vascular, and Mechanical Overview of the Achilles Tendon.

The Achilles tendon is the strongest and thickest tendon in the body and is subjected to unique forces during the activities of living. A variety of pathologic processes have been identified causing clinical symptoms in patients of all ages. A detailed understanding of Achilles anatomy is necessary to understand the pathologic process that are seen in the tendon. As with all medical topics and conditions, our understanding is evolving as new research sheds light on pathologic processes involved with the Achilles tendon. This article reviews the anatomic, histologic, hemodynamic, and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon and associated muscle structures.