Ping-Song Chou1, Bo-Lin Ho1, Yuan-Han Yang2. 1. Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 2. Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of and Master's Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: endlessyhy@gmail.com.
Abstract
AIMS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists exert neuroprotective effects in the brain. Therefore, in this population-based cohort study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, on the risk of dementia. METHODS: By using claims data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we included 6401 patients with diabetes who were treated with pioglitazone and 12,802 age- and sex-matched patients with diabetes who were never treated with pioglitazone from 2004 to 2009 and who were free of dementia at baseline. RESULTS: In total, 113 (1.8%) and 323 (2.5%) patients in the pioglitazone-treated and comparison cohorts, respectively, developed dementia during the 5-year follow-up. The risk of dementia decreased by 23% in the pioglitazone-treated cohort compared with that in the comparison cohort after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.62-0.96). In addition, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for dementia were 0.50 (0.34-0.75, P=.001) in high-cumulative dose users, 0.53 (0.36-0.77, P<.001) in long-term users, and 0.66 (0.49-0.90, P=.009) in high-mean daily dose users. CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone is a time- and dose-dependent protective factor against dementia in patients with diabetes. The risk of dementia is lower in long-term and high-dose pioglitazone users than in never users of pioglitazone.
AIMS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists exert neuroprotective effects in the brain. Therefore, in this population-based cohort study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, on the risk of dementia. METHODS: By using claims data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we included 6401 patients with diabetes who were treated with pioglitazone and 12,802 age- and sex-matched patients with diabetes who were never treated with pioglitazone from 2004 to 2009 and who were free of dementia at baseline. RESULTS: In total, 113 (1.8%) and 323 (2.5%) patients in the pioglitazone-treated and comparison cohorts, respectively, developed dementia during the 5-year follow-up. The risk of dementia decreased by 23% in the pioglitazone-treated cohort compared with that in the comparison cohort after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.62-0.96). In addition, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for dementia were 0.50 (0.34-0.75, P=.001) in high-cumulative dose users, 0.53 (0.36-0.77, P<.001) in long-term users, and 0.66 (0.49-0.90, P=.009) in high-mean daily dose users. CONCLUSIONS:Pioglitazone is a time- and dose-dependent protective factor against dementia in patients with diabetes. The risk of dementia is lower in long-term and high-dose pioglitazone users than in never users of pioglitazone.
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