| Literature DB >> 28250870 |
Babacar Niang1, Amadou Lamine Fall1, Idrissa Demba Ba1, Younoussa Keita2, Indou Dème Ly1, Abou Ba1, Aliou Thiongane1, Aliou Abdoulaye Ndongo3, Djibril Boiro4, Lamine Thiam1, Aissatou Ba1, Morgiane Houngbadji1, Mouhamed Fattah1, Yaye Joor Djeng1, Dieynaba Fafa Cissé1, Idrissa Basse4, Assane Sylla2, Papa Moctar Faye1, Saliou Diouf1, Ousmane Ndiaye4, Mamadou Sarr1.
Abstract
Child hypothyroidism has been little studied in Senegal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, diagnostic and evolutionary aspects of congenital hypothyroidism. We conducted a descriptive-analytical retrospective study of all children treated for congenital hypothyroidism at the Albert-Royer National Children's Hospital Center over the period from 2001 to 2014 (14 years). We collected and analyzed socio-demographic, clinical and evolutionary data from patient medical records. A total of 28 patients were included in the study, an average of 2 cases per year. The average age of discovery of hypothyroidism was 54.25 ± 43 months with a female predominance (Sex-ratio 0.47). Only 2 cases of hypothyroidism were diagnosed in the neonatal period. Consanguinity was present in 68% of patients. Clinical signs were dominated by the delay in psychomotor acquisitions (96%), hypothermia (46%), cranio-facial dysmorphia (43%) and goiter (39%). Growth retardation was constant beyond 6 months. The etiologies were dominated by hormonosynthesis disorders (84.21%). During the study period, mean SD of patients had decreased from -3.5 SD to -2.25 SD for a median treatment duration of 28 months. Mental retardation was present in 73% of cases. Growth retardation and mental retardation were more severe as the diagnosis was late. Our results confirm the inadequacy of early management of patients. It is urgent to implement a routine neonatal screening system in order to improve the mental prognosis of this condition.Entities:
Keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism; growth retardation; mental retardation
Mesh:
Year: 2016 PMID: 28250870 PMCID: PMC5321143 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.46.10321
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Pan Afr Med J
Figure 1Répartition des patients en fonction de la tranche d’âge
Signes cliniques retrouvés au moment du diagnostic
| Signes cliniques retrouves | Nombre | Pourcentage |
|---|---|---|
| Retard des acquisitions psychomotrices | 26 | 92,85% |
| Constipation | 19 | 67,85% |
| Hypothermie | 13 | 46,42% |
| Macroglossie | 12 | 42,85% |
| Dysmorphie cranio-faciale | 12 | 42,85 % |
| Hernie ombilicale | 11 | 39,28% |
| Goitre | 11 | 39,28% |
| Hypotonie généralisée | 8 | 28,57% |
| Troubles respiratoires | 7 | 25% |
| Peau sèche infiltrée | 5 | 17,85% |
Figure 2Sévérité du retard de croissance en fonction de l’âge de découverte
Caractéristiques des HC en fonction de l’étiologie
| Total (n= 28) | Absence d’échographie (n=9) | Dysmorphogenèse (n=3) | Dyshormonogenèse sans goitre (n=11) | Dyshormonogenèse avec goitre (n=5) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexe (F/M) | 19/9 | 5/4 | 3/0 | 7/4 | 2/3 |
| Age moyen | 54,25 mois | - | 16 mois | 66 mois | 78 mois |
| T4L initiale | 4,17pmol/l | - | Indétectable | 2,87 pmol/l | 5,4 pmol/l |
| TSHus initiale | 68,80mIU/l | - | >100mIU/l | 76,4 mIU/l | 54 mIU/l |
| Délai euthyroïdie | 5 mois | - | Pas d’euthyroïdie stable | 7 mois | 2 mois |
| Dose L-thyroxine | 4,46 µg/kg/j | - | 10µg/kg/j | 6µg/kg/j | 3,8 µg/kg/j |
TSH us: thyréostimuline hypophysaire ultra-sensible, T4: tétraiodothyronine