Microbial enzyme secretion: An annotated selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to the topics in microbial biotechnology.

Fungal secretome knowledge base

http://bioinformatics.ysu.edu/secretomes/fungi.php

The Fungal Secretome KnowledgeBase contains data from many fungi. One can look for secreted proteins or input a particular protein to see whether it is secreted.

Database of lignocellulose‐degrading enzymes from fungi

https://mycoclap.fungalgenomics.ca/mycoCLAP/

This database focuses on fungal, and some bacterial, enzymes that have activity against lignocellulose materials. Many of those enzymes are secreted from their respective microbial host.

Peptidase database

http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/cgi-bin/name_index?id=P;action=A

This database focuses on protease and peptidase enzymes. Many microbes living in soil environments secrete proteases to break down proteins into amino acids and peptides that can be transported into the cell.

Database for type IV secretion system

http://www.t4ss.lncc.br

This small database is focused on bacterial type IV secretion systems.

Identification of secretion systems in bacterial genomes

http://www.nature.com/articles/srep23080

This relatively recent publication deals with computational methods for identifying secretion system genes in genomic sequences.

Bacterial secretion systems review

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4804464/

This review is on bacterial secretion systems with a major focus on their role in promoting bacterial virulence.

Type three secretion system

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_three_secretion_system

This Wikipedia entry provides a fairly comprehensive overview of bacterial type III secretion systems.

X‐ray structure of a type III secretion system component

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400350/

This paper deals with the structure of a protein component that aids the process by which type III secretion systems traverse the peptidoglycan layer.

Killing via a type IV secretion system

http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7453

This study shows that the type IV secretion system of Xanthomonas citri can kill other Gram‐negative bacteria in a contact‐dependent manner.

OmpA‐facilitated chitinase secretion

https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40064-016-2893-y

Protein modification with a OmpA signal peptide was most productive with respect to secretion of a Bacillus chitinase by E. coli.

Streptomyces protein secretion biotechnology

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488914000093

Many Bacillus and Streptomyces strains are good protein secretors. This study demonstrated Streptomyces lividans to be a particularly good secretion host.

Optimization of protein secretion by Bacillus subtilis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19075856

This article deals mostly with commercially important aspects of Bacillus secretion systems and reviews recent patents in the area.

Phytase secretion by Bacillus subtilis

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09168451.2015.1046366

Phytases are industrially important enzymes for their ability to release phosphate from phytic acid. This study explores its secretion by a Bacillus strain.

Secretion of a thermostable amylase

http://www.nature.com/articles/srep22229

An amylase from Pyrococcus furiosus is significant industrially because of its stability at high temperatures and low pH. It is shown here to be secreted by a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain.

Protein secretion by Pichia pastoris review

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4047484/

Pichia is a methylotrophic yeast that grows to high cell density, and this review offers ideas for optimizing protein secretion by this strain.

Methyl parathion hydrolase secretion by Pichia

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0096974

This paper deals with the secretion of an enzyme for biodegrading a common pesticide.

Pichia technology

http://www.pichia.com

This commercial site contains significant and useful information on Pichia and its secretion systems.

Pichia secretion tools

https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/A11155

This commercial page has lnks to information on Pichia.

Fungal biomass degrading enzymes from Pichia

http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01002/full

The review details the use of Pichia for producing carbohydrate‐hydrolysing enzymes that are highly useful in biodegrading biomass.

Patent on protease deficient Pichia secretion strain

https://www.google.com/patents/US8703444

Naturally produced proteins can cause problems in high‐level expression of heterologous proteins, and this patent describes a protease deficient mutant that aids expression of intact protein.

Yeast secretion strains

https://www.atum.bio/eCommerce/catalog/datasheet/243

This commercial website contains much useful information on the construction and use of Pichia expression and secretion systems.

High‐level protein production in Streptomyces lividans

https://microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12934-016-0425-7

An amylase, laccase and xylanase were used as reporters to optimize secreted expression in Streptomyces lividans.

Development of a Corynebacterium glutamicum secretion system

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.25692/abstract

Corynebacterium glutamicum is a very important industrial strain for amino acid production. This study investigated establishing this microbe for protein secretion.

Aspergillus protein secretion

http://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-8-73

Aspergillus oryzae is an important strain for secreting industrial enzymes, and it also performs necessary post‐translational modifications. This study was conducted to better understand the fundamental molecular machinery involved.