BACKGROUND: Amphetamine abuse is becoming more widespread internationally. The possibility that its many cardiovascular complications are associated with a prematurely aged cardiovascular system, and indeed biological organism systemically, has not been addressed. METHODS: Radial arterial pulse tonometry was performed using the SphygmoCor system (Sydney). 55 amphetamine exposed patients were compared with 107 tobacco smokers, 483 non-smokers and 68 methadone patients (total=713 patients) from 2006 to 2011. A cardiovascular-biological age (VA) was determined. RESULTS: The age of the patient groups was 30.03±0.51-40.45±1.15 years. This was controlled for with linear regression. The sex ratio was the same in all groups. 94% of amphetamine exposed patients had used amphetamine in the previous week. When the (log) VA was regressed against the chronological age (CA) and a substance-type group in both cross-sectional and longitudinal models, models quadratic in CA were superior to linear models (both p<0.02). When log VA/CA was regressed in a mixed effects model against time, body mass index, CA and drug type, the cubic model was superior to the linear model (p=0.001). Interactions between CA, (CA)2 and (CA)3 on the one hand and exposure type were significant from p=0.0120. The effects of amphetamine exposure persisted after adjustment for all known cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that subacute exposure to amphetamines is associated with an advancement of cardiovascular-organismal age both over age and over time, and is robust to adjustment. That this is associated with power functions of age implies a feed-forward positively reinforcing exacerbation of the underlying ageing process.
BACKGROUND:Amphetamine abuse is becoming more widespread internationally. The possibility that its many cardiovascular complications are associated with a prematurely aged cardiovascular system, and indeed biological organism systemically, has not been addressed. METHODS: Radial arterial pulse tonometry was performed using the SphygmoCor system (Sydney). 55 amphetamine exposed patients were compared with 107 tobacco smokers, 483 non-smokers and 68 methadonepatients (total=713 patients) from 2006 to 2011. A cardiovascular-biological age (VA) was determined. RESULTS: The age of the patient groups was 30.03±0.51-40.45±1.15 years. This was controlled for with linear regression. The sex ratio was the same in all groups. 94% of amphetamine exposed patients had used amphetamine in the previous week. When the (log) VA was regressed against the chronological age (CA) and a substance-type group in both cross-sectional and longitudinal models, models quadratic in CA were superior to linear models (both p<0.02). When log VA/CA was regressed in a mixed effects model against time, body mass index, CA and drug type, the cubic model was superior to the linear model (p=0.001). Interactions between CA, (CA)2 and (CA)3 on the one hand and exposure type were significant from p=0.0120. The effects of amphetamine exposure persisted after adjustment for all known cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that subacute exposure to amphetamines is associated with an advancement of cardiovascular-organismal age both over age and over time, and is robust to adjustment. That this is associated with power functions of age implies a feed-forward positively reinforcing exacerbation of the underlying ageing process.
Authors: Wilmer W Nichols; Scott J Denardo; Ian B Wilkinson; Carmel M McEniery; John Cockcroft; Michael F O'Rourke Journal: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 3.738
Authors: Jana Lubec; Predrag Kalaba; Ahmed M Hussein; Daniel Daba Feyissa; Mohamed H Kotob; Rasha R Mahmmoud; Oliver Wieder; Arthur Garon; Claudia Sagheddu; Marija Ilic; Vladimir Dragačević; Anita Cybulska-Klosowicz; Martin Zehl; Judith Wackerlig; Simone B Sartori; Karl Ebner; Shima Kouhnavardi; Alexander Roller; Natalie Gajic; Marco Pistis; Nicolas Singewald; Johann Jakob Leban; Volker Korz; Jovana Malikovic; Roberto Plasenzotti; Harald H Sitte; Francisco J Monje; Thierry Langer; Ernst Urban; Christian Pifl; Gert Lubec Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2021-12 Impact factor: 15.992