Yan Jiang1, Min Dai2, Wen-Jing Nie3, Xiao-Rong Yang3, Xian-Chun Zeng4. 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China. Electronic address: jiangyan_228@163.com. 2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China. 3. Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China. 4. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China. Electronic address: zengxc2004@163.com.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the major pathogenic component of coronary artery and cardiovascular disease. Studies have increasingly focused on natural medicines that have lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial-protection activities. Black mulberry fruits are traditionally used in Uyghur folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in southern Xinjiang region of China. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, our objective was to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of ethanol extract of black mulberry (EEBM) in experimental atherosclerotic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The black mulberry fruit was extracted with acid ethanol and chromatographed on an AB-8 macroporous resin to obtain EEBM. Atherosclerotic rats were divided into five groups: normal, model, model plus simvastatin (5mg/kgd·body weight), and model plus low-dose and high-dose EEBM groups (105 and 210mg/kgd·body weight, respectively). Serum lipid profiles were measured by an automatic biochemistry analyser. The activities of anti-oxidative enzymes were determined using the chemical colorimetric method. Pathological changes in liver and arteries were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and the intima-media thickness was measured. RESULTS: The high-dose EEBM group showed significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, as well as atherogenic index. Furthermore, treatment with high-dose EEBM markedly decreased malondialdehyde content and enhanced anti-oxidative enzyme activities. Histopathological examination showed that EEBM attenuated hepatic steatosis and reduced intima-media thickness and arterial atherosclerotic lesions in atherosclerotic rats. These results suggest that EEBM suppressed atherosclerosis development in atherosclerotic rats by regulating lipid metabolism abnormalities, enhancing anti-oxidative activities, and reducing atherosclerotic lesions, which could be attributed to anthocyanins (23.75%), or the cooperative action of anthocyanins, polyphenols (2.95%), and flavonoids (0.94%).
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the major pathogenic component of coronary artery and cardiovascular disease. Studies have increasingly focused on natural medicines that have lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial-protection activities. Black mulberry fruits are traditionally used in Uyghur folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in southern Xinjiang region of China. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, our objective was to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of ethanol extract of black mulberry (EEBM) in experimental atheroscleroticrats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The black mulberry fruit was extracted with acid ethanol and chromatographed on an AB-8 macroporous resin to obtain EEBM. Atheroscleroticrats were divided into five groups: normal, model, model plus simvastatin (5mg/kgd·body weight), and model plus low-dose and high-dose EEBM groups (105 and 210mg/kgd·body weight, respectively). Serum lipid profiles were measured by an automatic biochemistry analyser. The activities of anti-oxidative enzymes were determined using the chemical colorimetric method. Pathological changes in liver and arteries were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and the intima-media thickness was measured. RESULTS: The high-dose EEBM group showed significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, as well as atherogenic index. Furthermore, treatment with high-dose EEBM markedly decreased malondialdehyde content and enhanced anti-oxidative enzyme activities. Histopathological examination showed that EEBM attenuated hepatic steatosis and reduced intima-media thickness and arterial atherosclerotic lesions in atheroscleroticrats. These results suggest that EEBM suppressed atherosclerosis development in atheroscleroticrats by regulating lipidmetabolism abnormalities, enhancing anti-oxidative activities, and reducing atherosclerotic lesions, which could be attributed to anthocyanins (23.75%), or the cooperative action of anthocyanins, polyphenols (2.95%), and flavonoids (0.94%).
Authors: Ioana Mozos; Corina Flangea; Daliborca C Vlad; Cristina Gug; Costin Mozos; Dana Stoian; Constantin T Luca; Jarosław O Horbańczuk; Olaf K Horbańczuk; Atanas G Atanasov Journal: Biomolecules Date: 2021-05-30
Authors: Adriana Ramona Memete; Adrian Vasile Timar; Adrian Nicolae Vuscan; Florina Miere Groza; Alina Cristiana Venter; Simona Ioana Vicas Journal: Plants (Basel) Date: 2022-01-06