Vijay Batra1, Meenakshi Batra2, Ravindra Mohan Pandey3, Vijai Prakash Sharma4, Girdhar Gopal Agarwal5. 1. Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, Government of NCT Delhi, 110002 India. 2. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Institute for the Physically Handicapped, Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Government of India, New Delhi, 110002, India. 3. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India. 4. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, King George Medical University (Formerly Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University), Lucknow, India. 5. Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007 India.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a Neurofacilitation of Developmental Reaction (NFDR) approach with that of a Conventional approach in the modulation of tone in children with neurodevelopmental delay. METHODS: Experimental control design. A total of 30 spastic children ranging in age from 4 to 7 years with neurodevelopmental delay were included. Baseline evaluations of muscle tone and gross motor functional performance abilities were performed. The children were allocated into two intervention groups of 15 subjects each. In groups A and B, the NFDR and conventional approaches were applied, respectively, for 3 months and were followed by subsequent re-evaluations. RESULTS: Between group analyses were performed using independent t test for tone and primitive reflex intensity and a Mann-Whitney U test for gross motor functional ability. For the within-group analyses, paired t tests were used for tone and primitive reflex intensity, and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for gross motor functional ability. CONCLUSION: The NFDR approach/technique prepares the muscle to undergo tonal modulation and thereby enhances motor development and improves the motor functional performance abilities of the children with neurodevelopmental delay.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a Neurofacilitation of Developmental Reaction (NFDR) approach with that of a Conventional approach in the modulation of tone in children with neurodevelopmental delay. METHODS: Experimental control design. A total of 30 spastic children ranging in age from 4 to 7 years with neurodevelopmental delay were included. Baseline evaluations of muscle tone and gross motor functional performance abilities were performed. The children were allocated into two intervention groups of 15 subjects each. In groups A and B, the NFDR and conventional approaches were applied, respectively, for 3 months and were followed by subsequent re-evaluations. RESULTS: Between group analyses were performed using independent t test for tone and primitive reflex intensity and a Mann-Whitney U test for gross motor functional ability. For the within-group analyses, paired t tests were used for tone and primitive reflex intensity, and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for gross motor functional ability. CONCLUSION: The NFDR approach/technique prepares the muscle to undergo tonal modulation and thereby enhances motor development and improves the motor functional performance abilities of the children with neurodevelopmental delay.
Entities:
Keywords:
motor skills; muscle tone; neurodevelopmental delay; neurofacilitation of developmental reaction; posture