| Literature DB >> 28238460 |
F Mearin1, C Ciriza2, M Mínguez3, E Rey4, J J Mascort5, E Peña6, P Cañones7, J Júdez8.
Abstract
In this Clinical practice guide we examine the diagnostic and therapeutic management of adult patients with constipation and abdominal discomfort, at the confluence of the spectrum of irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation. Both fall within the framework of functional intestinal disorders and have major personal, health and social impact, altering the quality of life of the patients affected. The former is a subtype of irritable bowel syndrome in which constipation and altered bowel habit predominate, often along with recurring abdominal pain, bloating and abdominal distension. Constipation is characterised by infrequent or hard-to-pass bowel movements, often accompanied by straining during defecation or the sensation of incomplete evacuation. There is no underlying organic cause in the majority of cases; it being considered a functional bowel disorder. There are many clinical and pathophysiological similarities between the two conditions, the constipation responds in a similar way to commonly used drugs, the fundamental difference being the presence or absence of pain, but not in an "all or nothing" way. The severity of these disorders depends not only on the intensity of the intestinal symptoms but also on other biopsychosocial factors: association of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, degree of involvement, forms of perception and behaviour. Functional bowel disorders are diagnosed using the Rome criteria. This Clinical practice guide adapts to the Rome IV criteria published at the end of May 2016. The first part (96, 97, 98) examined the conceptual and pathophysiological aspects, alarm criteria, diagnostic test and referral criteria between Primary Care and Gastroenterology. This second part reviews all the available treatment alternatives (exercise, fluid ingestion, diet with soluble fibre-rich foods, fibre supplements, other dietary components, osmotic or stimulating laxatives, probiotics, antibiotics, spasmolytics, peppermint essence, prucalopride, linaclotide, lubiprostone, biofeedback, antdepressants, psychological treatment, acupuncture, enemas, sacral root neurostimulation and surgery), and practical recommendations are made for each.Entities:
Keywords: Abdominal discomfort; Adultos; Adults; Atención Primaria; Clinical practice guide; Digestive diseases; Enfermedades digestivas; Estreñimiento funcional; Functional constipation; Guía de práctica clínica; Irritable bowel syndrome; Molestia abdominal; Primary care; Roma IV; Rome IV; Síndrome del intestino irritable
Mesh:
Year: 2017 PMID: 28238460 PMCID: PMC6875999 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.01.003
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Aten Primaria ISSN: 0212-6567 Impact factor: 1.137
Figura 1Tratamiento del SII-E y del EF.
Figura 2Algoritmo terapéutico del EF no respondedor.
Medidas higiénico-dietéticas en el SII-E/EF
| • Ingesta de 25-30 g de fibra soluble con la dieta al día |
| • Ingesta adecuada de líquido (1,5-2 l al día) |
| • Ejercicio aeróbico regular (ajustado a las condiciones físicas de cada individuo y a sus preferencias) |
| • Dieta equilibrada |
| • Patrón regular de comidas |
| • Evitar comidas copiosas, grasas, fibra insoluble y alimentos flatulentos |
| • En algunos pacientes el sorbitol, las grasas, el alcohol, el trigo, los frutos secos o la leche pueden exacerbar la sintomatología del SII, aunque las dietas con exclusión de estos alimentos no han mostrado resultados concluyentes |
Fármacos utilizados en el SII-E y EF
| Fibra soluble (formadores de bolo) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nombre comercial | Principio activo | Dosis |
| Biolid® sobres 3,5 g | Ispagula (plantago ovata) Cutícula | 3,2 a 10,5 g/24 h |
| Metamucil® sobres 3,26 g | ||
| Plantaben® sobres 3,5 g | ||
| Plantago ovata EGF sobres 3,5 g | ||
| Cenat®envase 250/400 g | Ispagula (plantago ovata) Semilla | 10 g/24 h |
| Muciplazma® cápsulas 500 mg | Metilcelulosa | 1,5 g/8 h |
No comercializado en España. Se utiliza como medicación extranjera.
Mecanismo de acción de los fármacos utilizados frecuentemente en el SII-E y EF
| Tratamiento | Reducción dolor | Reducción distensión abdominal | Aumento frecuencia deposicional | Esfuerzo defecatorio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibra (Psyllium) (2-5 sobres/día) | 0 | - | + | + |
| Espasmolíticos (2-4 comp./día) | + | + | 0 | 0 |
| Laxantes (1 - 3 comp. o sobres/día) | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ |
| Procinéticos (Prucaloprida) (1 comp./día) | + | + | ++ | 0 |
| Secretagogos (Linaclotide) (1 comp/día) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + |
| Antidepresivos (ISRS) (1 comp/día) | + | 0 | nc | nc |
nc: datos no concluyentes.