Ersin Budak1, İbrahim Taymur2, Sinay Önen2, Bilgen Biçer Kanat2, Önder Akdeniz3, Hakan Demirci4. 1. Psychology Department, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Beşevler caddesi Elmas sokak no:1/11 Nilüfer/Bursa, 16100, Bursa, Turkey. ersin240@hotmail.com. 2. Psychiatry Department, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. 3. Otolaryngology Department, Bursa Esentepe Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. 4. Family Physician Department, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.
Abstract
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate symptoms of swallowing difficulty in Panic Disorder (PD) patients and the factors associated with these symptoms. METHODS: In the pre-phase of the study, 22 PD patients who were treated in psychiatry outpatient clinics and who were found to have swallowing difficulty were evaluated. PD patients were asked to write about their thoughts, feelings and behaviors associated with swallowing difficulty. Later, these texts were examined and 41 expressions were identified in which patients described their swallowing difficulty. These expressions were evaluated by mental health workers in the field and twelve different swallowing difficulty items were defined. In the main phase of the study, 119 PD outpatients were evaluated using twelve different swallowing difficulty items and psychometric tests [Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1/STAI-2)]. RESULTS: As a result of the validity and reliability analysis, a valid one-factor instrument with ten items was obtained. Cronbach's alpha value for this measurement tool was 0.89 and it was termed the "Swallowing Anxiety Scale (SAS)". It was found that SAS items "always" accompany PD patients at rates of 5-20.2%. According to hierarchical regression analysis, 35% of SAS scores were explained by PAS, SASI, STAI-2 and BDI scores. CONCLUSION: Swallowing difficulty items in PD patients involved anxious, phobic and somatic symptoms associated with swallowing. In addition, swallowing difficulty symptoms in PD patients can be confounded with eating disorder symptoms.
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate symptoms of swallowing difficulty in Panic Disorder (PD) patients and the factors associated with these symptoms. METHODS: In the pre-phase of the study, 22 PDpatients who were treated in psychiatry outpatient clinics and who were found to have swallowing difficulty were evaluated. PDpatients were asked to write about their thoughts, feelings and behaviors associated with swallowing difficulty. Later, these texts were examined and 41 expressions were identified in which patients described their swallowing difficulty. These expressions were evaluated by mental health workers in the field and twelve different swallowing difficulty items were defined. In the main phase of the study, 119 PD outpatients were evaluated using twelve different swallowing difficulty items and psychometric tests [Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1/STAI-2)]. RESULTS: As a result of the validity and reliability analysis, a valid one-factor instrument with ten items was obtained. Cronbach's alpha value for this measurement tool was 0.89 and it was termed the "Swallowing Anxiety Scale (SAS)". It was found that SAS items "always" accompany PDpatients at rates of 5-20.2%. According to hierarchical regression analysis, 35% of SAS scores were explained by PAS, SASI, STAI-2 and BDI scores. CONCLUSION: Swallowing difficulty items in PDpatients involved anxious, phobic and somatic symptoms associated with swallowing. In addition, swallowing difficulty symptoms in PDpatients can be confounded with eating disorder symptoms.
Authors: Eni S Becker; Mike Rinck; Veneta Türke; Petra Kause; Renee Goodwin; Simon Neumer; Jürgen Margraf Journal: Eur Psychiatry Date: 2006-12-08 Impact factor: 5.361