A Javaid1, R Hasan2, A Zafar2, M A Chaudry3, S Qayyum4, E Qadeer5, Z Shaheen6, N Agha7, N Rizvi8, M Z Afridi9, M K Chima10, A R Khan11, A Ghafoor12, S Khan13, S R Awan14, S Akhtar15, K Choudry16, Z H Iqbal17, M Ansarie18, N Ahmad19. 1. Department of Pulmonology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. 2. Department of Microbiology, Agha Khan University, Karachi. 3. Gulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore. 4. Ojha Institute of Chest Disease, Karachi. 5. National TB Control Programme, Islamabad. 6. Department of Pulmonology, Nishtar Medical College, Multan. 7. Fatima Jinnah Chest Hospital, Quetta. 8. Department of Chest Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. 9. Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. 10. Department of Pulmonology, Services Hospital, Lahore. 11. Department of Pulmonology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. 12. Health Department, Peshawar. 13. Department of Chest Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. 14. Itefaq Medical College, Lahore. 15. Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi. 16. Department of Pulmonology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. 17. Department of Pulmonology, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. 18. Orthopaedic and Medical Institute, Karachi, Pakistan. 19. Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drug resistance in general, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in particular, threatens global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Population-based estimates of drug resistance are needed to develop strategies for controlling drug-resistant TB in Pakistan. OBJECTIVE: To obtain population-based data on Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in Pakistan. METHODS: To obtain drug resistance data, we conducted a population-based study of TB cases in all provinces of Pakistan. We performed culture and drug susceptibility testing on M. tuberculosis isolates from patients with a prior history of anti-tuberculosis treatment (retreatment cases) from all over the country. RESULTS: Of 544 isolates from previously treated cases, 289 (53.1%) were susceptible to all first-line drugs, 255 (46.9%) were resistant to at least one anti-tuberculosis drug and 132 (24.3%) were MDR-TB. Among MDR-TB isolates, 47.0% were ofloxacin (OFX) resistant. Extensively drug-resistant TB was found in two (0.4%) isolates. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of drug resistance in retreatment isolates was high. The alarmingly high prevalence of OFX resistance among MDR-TB isolates may threaten the success of efforts to control and treat MDR-TB.
BACKGROUND: Drug resistance in general, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in particular, threatens global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Population-based estimates of drug resistance are needed to develop strategies for controlling drug-resistant TB in Pakistan. OBJECTIVE: To obtain population-based data on Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in Pakistan. METHODS: To obtain drug resistance data, we conducted a population-based study of TB cases in all provinces of Pakistan. We performed culture and drug susceptibility testing on M. tuberculosis isolates from patients with a prior history of anti-tuberculosis treatment (retreatment cases) from all over the country. RESULTS: Of 544 isolates from previously treated cases, 289 (53.1%) were susceptible to all first-line drugs, 255 (46.9%) were resistant to at least one anti-tuberculosis drug and 132 (24.3%) were MDR-TB. Among MDR-TB isolates, 47.0% were ofloxacin (OFX) resistant. Extensively drug-resistant TB was found in two (0.4%) isolates. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of drug resistance in retreatment isolates was high. The alarmingly high prevalence of OFX resistance among MDR-TB isolates may threaten the success of efforts to control and treat MDR-TB.
Authors: Abdul Wahid; Abdul Ghafoor; Abdul Wali Khan; Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi; Abdullah Latif; Nisar Ahmed Shahwani; Muhammad Atif; Fahad Saleem; Nafees Ahmad Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2022-09-06 Impact factor: 5.988
Authors: Hongdan Bao; Kui Liu; Zikang Wu; Chengliang Chai; Tieniu He; Wei Wang; Fei Wang; Ying Peng; Xiaomeng Wang; Bin Chen; Jianmin Jiang Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-09-17 Impact factor: 3.390