Daniel B Kramer1,2,3, Matthew R Reynolds4,5, Sharon-Lise Normand6,7, Craig S Parzynski8, John A Spertus9, Vincent Mor10, Susan L Mitchell1,3. 1. Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA. 2. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. 3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 4. Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, MA. 5. Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA. 6. Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 7. Department of Biostatistics, Havard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. 8. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. 9. Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri. 10. Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of nursing home (NH) use after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Medicare beneficiaries in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry-ICD Registry. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older receiving ICDs between January 1, 2006, and March 31, 2010 (N = 192,483). MEASUREMENTS: Proportion of ICD recipients discharged to NHs directly after device placement, cumulative incidence of long-term NH admission, and factors associated with immediate discharge to a NH and time to long-term NH admission. RESULTS: Over 4 years, 40.6% of the cohort died, and 35,939 (18.7%) experienced at least one NH admission, including 4.0% directly discharged to a NH after ICD implantation and 2.8% admitted to long-term NH care during follow-up. The cumulative incidence of long-term NH admission, accounting for the competing risk of death, was 1.7% at 1 year, 3.8% at 3 years, and 4.6% at 4 years; 20.1% of individuals admitted to a NH died there. Factors most strongly associated with direct NH discharge and time to long-term NH care were older age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.01-2.17 per 10-year increment; adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.80-1.97, respectively), dementia (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI = 2.25-3.01; AHR = 2.50, 95% CI = 2.14-2.93, respectively), and Medicare Part A claim for NH stay in prior 6 months (AOR = 3.96, 95% CI = 3.70-4.25; AHR = 2.88, 95% CI = 2.65-3.14, respectively). CONCLUSION: Nearly one in five individuals are admitted to NHs over a median of 1.6 years of follow-up after ICD implantation. Understanding these outcomes may help inform the clinical care of these individuals.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of nursing home (NH) use after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Medicare beneficiaries in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry-ICD Registry. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older receiving ICDs between January 1, 2006, and March 31, 2010 (N = 192,483). MEASUREMENTS: Proportion of ICD recipients discharged to NHs directly after device placement, cumulative incidence of long-term NH admission, and factors associated with immediate discharge to a NH and time to long-term NH admission. RESULTS: Over 4 years, 40.6% of the cohort died, and 35,939 (18.7%) experienced at least one NH admission, including 4.0% directly discharged to a NH after ICD implantation and 2.8% admitted to long-term NH care during follow-up. The cumulative incidence of long-term NH admission, accounting for the competing risk of death, was 1.7% at 1 year, 3.8% at 3 years, and 4.6% at 4 years; 20.1% of individuals admitted to a NH died there. Factors most strongly associated with direct NH discharge and time to long-term NH care were older age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.01-2.17 per 10-year increment; adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.80-1.97, respectively), dementia (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI = 2.25-3.01; AHR = 2.50, 95% CI = 2.14-2.93, respectively), and Medicare Part A claim for NH stay in prior 6 months (AOR = 3.96, 95% CI = 3.70-4.25; AHR = 2.88, 95% CI = 2.65-3.14, respectively). CONCLUSION: Nearly one in five individuals are admitted to NHs over a median of 1.6 years of follow-up after ICD implantation. Understanding these outcomes may help inform the clinical care of these individuals.
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