Performance of Galactomannan Antigen, Beta-d-Glucan, and Aspergillus-Lateral-Flow Device for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis.

Aspergillus lateral-flow device (LFD) was recently introduced as a practical tool for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA). We investigated the performance of Aspergillus-LFD as a point-of-care test for the diagnosis of IA. Serum samples were collected twice weekly from patients who received intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia, or recepients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) antigen, 1,3-beta-d-glucan and Aspergillus-LFD tests were carried out according to manufacturers' recommendations. GM testing was repeated with a modified procedure which was proven to increase the sensitivity. Aspergillus-LFD was performed without applying any pretreatment procedure to allow the kit to fit as a point-of-care test. Fungal infections were categorized according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria. A total of 75 neutropenia episodes in 64 patients were prospectively followed between February 2012 and January 2013. Probable IA was diagnosed in 11 patients, probable pulmonary fungal disease was diagnosed in one patient, and rhinocerebral aspergillosis was diagnosed in one patient. Fungemia was detected in two patients. Aspergillus-LFD was positive in serum of a patient with probable IA and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of an other patient with probable IA. Aspergillus-LFD was false positive in serum of two patients. Although there was no radiological finding of IA or documented fungemia, fever resolved after empirical caspofungin therapy in one of these patients. The sensitivity of Aspergillus-LFD as a point-of-care test without any pretreatment of serum sample is low.