Determination of 16 serum angiogenic factors in stage I non-small cell lung cancer using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay.

The aim of the study was to identify significant abnormalities in angiogenic factor profiles occurring at early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Contrary to the previous studies, our research included patients with only stage I NSCLC, which allowed for estimating the utility of circulating angiogenic factors in early NSCLC detection. The investigation was performed in serum samples collected from individuals with untreated NSCLC (n=41) and a matched control group of healthy individuals (n=61). All patients had histopathologically-confirmed stage IA or IB NSCLC. Serum concentrations of 16 angiogenesis markers comprising growth factors, receptors, cytokines, chemokines and hormones, were measured using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Among the determined proteins, osteopontin, platelet-derived growth factor-AB and -BB (PDGF-AB/BB) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) demonstrated the largest increase in concentration in NSCLC patients as compared with the non-cancer group. ROC curve analysis confirmed their high discriminatory abilities in detection of early NSCLC (AUC=0.809, 95%CI 0.725-0.881). Serum levels of the studied angiogenic factors differed slightly between patients with lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The study demonstrated that osteopontin, PDGF-AB/BB, and HGF might add up to the methods used in NSCLC diagnosis. Future research should address the question about their specificity and performance in early NSCLC detection in a combination with various putative lung cancer markers.