David M Groppe1, Stephan Bickel2, Andrew R Dykstra3, Xiuyuan Wang4, Pierre Mégevand5, Manuel R Mercier6, Fred A Lado7, Ashesh D Mehta8, Christopher J Honey9. 1. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5SSG3, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. Electronic address: david.m.groppe@gmail.com. 2. Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 3. Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 4. Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva 1211, Switzerland. 6. Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR5549, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. 7. Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. 8. Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. 9. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5SSG3, Canada; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intracranial electrical recordings (iEEG) and brain stimulation (iEBS) are invaluable human neuroscience methodologies. However, the value of such data is often unrealized as many laboratories lack tools for localizing electrodes relative to anatomy. To remedy this, we have developed a MATLAB toolbox for intracranial electrode localization and visualization, iELVis. NEW METHOD: iELVis uses existing tools (BioImage Suite, FSL, and FreeSurfer) for preimplant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation, neuroimaging coregistration, and manual identification of electrodes in postimplant neuroimaging. Subsequently, iELVis implements methods for correcting electrode locations for postimplant brain shift with millimeter-scale accuracy and provides interactive visualization on 3D surfaces or in 2D slices with optional functional neuroimaging overlays. iELVis also localizes electrodes relative to FreeSurfer-based atlases and can combine data across subjects via the FreeSurfer average brain. RESULTS: It takes 30-60min of user time and 12-24h of computer time to localize and visualize electrodes from one brain. We demonstrate iELVis's functionality by showing that three methods for mapping primary hand somatosensory cortex (iEEG, iEBS, and functional MRI) provide highly concordant results. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: iELVis is the first public software for electrode localization that corrects for brain shift, maps electrodes to an average brain, and supports neuroimaging overlays. Moreover, its interactive visualizations are powerful and its tutorial material is extensive. CONCLUSIONS: iELVis promises to speed the progress and enhance the robustness of intracranial electrode research. The software and extensive tutorial materials are freely available as part of the EpiSurg software project: https://github.com/episurg/episurg.
BACKGROUND: Intracranial electrical recordings (iEEG) and brain stimulation (iEBS) are invaluable human neuroscience methodologies. However, the value of such data is often unrealized as many laboratories lack tools for localizing electrodes relative to anatomy. To remedy this, we have developed a MATLAB toolbox for intracranial electrode localization and visualization, iELVis. NEW METHOD: iELVis uses existing tools (BioImage Suite, FSL, and FreeSurfer) for preimplant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation, neuroimaging coregistration, and manual identification of electrodes in postimplant neuroimaging. Subsequently, iELVis implements methods for correcting electrode locations for postimplant brain shift with millimeter-scale accuracy and provides interactive visualization on 3D surfaces or in 2D slices with optional functional neuroimaging overlays. iELVis also localizes electrodes relative to FreeSurfer-based atlases and can combine data across subjects via the FreeSurfer average brain. RESULTS: It takes 30-60min of user time and 12-24h of computer time to localize and visualize electrodes from one brain. We demonstrate iELVis's functionality by showing that three methods for mapping primary hand somatosensory cortex (iEEG, iEBS, and functional MRI) provide highly concordant results. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: iELVis is the first public software for electrode localization that corrects for brain shift, maps electrodes to an average brain, and supports neuroimaging overlays. Moreover, its interactive visualizations are powerful and its tutorial material is extensive. CONCLUSIONS: iELVis promises to speed the progress and enhance the robustness of intracranial electrode research. The software and extensive tutorial materials are freely available as part of the EpiSurg software project: https://github.com/episurg/episurg.
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