A Dual-Color Quantum Dots Encoded Frit-Based Immunoassay for Visual Detection of Aflatoxin M1 and Pirlimycin Residues in Milk.

Mycotoxins and antibacterial agents are the main chemical hazards that lead to several health problems. Nowadays, multiplex immunoassay is a primary goal throughout the world. Here, aflatoxin M1 and pirlimycin were selected as models, and a novel dual colorimetric encoded frit-based immunoassay was developed for simultaneously screening of aflatoxin M1 and pirlimycin residues in milk. This multiplex frit-based immunoassay combined two monoclonal antibodies to extend the spectrum of analytes and to enable detection of two classes of analytes in a single test. The cutoff values were 0.02 μg/kg for aflatoxin M1 and 0.5 μg/kg for pirlimycin, which satisfied the requirement to measure the maximum residue levels. The novel colorimetric frit-based immunoassay has the advantage of high throughput, short analysis time, reduced overall cost per assay, and can be used as a rapid screening technique for simultaneously detecting aflatoxin M1 and pirlimycin residues in milk.