János Barna1, Eva Renner2, Antónia Arszovszki3, Melinda Cservenák1,3, Zsolt Kovács4, Miklós Palkovits2, Arpád Dobolyi1,3. 1. a Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary. 2. b MTA-SOTE NAP_A Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary. 3. c MTA-ELTE NAP_B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology , Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary. 4. d Department of Zoology , University of West Hungary, Savaria Campus , Szombathely , Hungary.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to understand the effects of suckling on the brain of the pups by mapping their brain activation pattern in response to suckling. METHODS: The c-fos method was applied to identify activated neurons. Fasted rat pups were returned to their mothers for suckling and sacrificed 2 hours later for Fos immunohistochemistry. Double labeling was also performed to characterize some of the activated neurons. For comparison, another group of fasted pups were given dry food before Fos mapping. RESULTS: After suckling, we found an increase in the number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons in the insular and somatosensory cortices, central amygdaloid nucleus (CAm), paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and the area postrema. Double labeling experiments demonstrated the activation of calcitonin gene-related peptide-ir (CGRP-ir) neurons in the LPB, corticotropin-releasing hormone-ir (CRH-ir) but not oxytocin-ir neurons in the PVN, and noradrenergic neurons in the NTS. In the CAm, Fos-ir neurons did not contain CRH but were apposed to CGRP-ir fiber terminals. Refeeding with dry food-induced Fos activation in all brain areas activated by suckling. The degree of activation was higher following dry food consumption than suckling in the insular cortex, and lower in the supraoptic nucleus and the NTS. Furthermore, the accumbens, arcuate, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, and the lateral hypothalamic area, which were not activated by suckling, showed activation by dry food. DISCUSSION: Neurons in a number of brain areas are activated during suckling, and may participate in the signaling of satiety, taste perception, reward, food, and salt balance regulation.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to understand the effects of suckling on the brain of the pups by mapping their brain activation pattern in response to suckling. METHODS: The c-fos method was applied to identify activated neurons. Fasted rat pups were returned to their mothers for suckling and sacrificed 2 hours later for Fos immunohistochemistry. Double labeling was also performed to characterize some of the activated neurons. For comparison, another group of fasted pups were given dry food before Fos mapping. RESULTS: After suckling, we found an increase in the number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons in the insular and somatosensory cortices, central amygdaloid nucleus (CAm), paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and the area postrema. Double labeling experiments demonstrated the activation of calcitonin gene-related peptide-ir (CGRP-ir) neurons in the LPB, corticotropin-releasing hormone-ir (CRH-ir) but not oxytocin-ir neurons in the PVN, and noradrenergic neurons in the NTS. In the CAm, Fos-ir neurons did not contain CRH but were apposed to CGRP-ir fiber terminals. Refeeding with dry food-induced Fos activation in all brain areas activated by suckling. The degree of activation was higher following dry food consumption than suckling in the insular cortex, and lower in the supraoptic nucleus and the NTS. Furthermore, the accumbens, arcuate, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, and the lateral hypothalamic area, which were not activated by suckling, showed activation by dry food. DISCUSSION: Neurons in a number of brain areas are activated during suckling, and may participate in the signaling of satiety, taste perception, reward, food, and salt balance regulation.