Alex C Bender1, Andrea M Austin2, Francine Grodstein3, Julie P W Bynum4. 1. Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA. 2. The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA. 3. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 4. The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA. Electronic address: julie.pw.bynum@dartmouth.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We examined the relationship between health care expenditures and cognition, focusing on differences across cognitive systems defined by global cognition, executive function, or episodic memory. METHODS: We used linear regression models to compare annual health expenditures by cognitive status in 8125 Nurses' Health Study participants who completed a cognitive battery and were enrolled in Medicare parts A and B. RESULTS: Adjusting for demographics and comorbidity, executive impairment was associated with higher total annual expenditures of $1488 per person (P < .01) compared with those without impairment. No association for episodic memory impairment was found. Expenditures exhibited a linear relationship with executive function, but not episodic memory ($584 higher for every 1 standard deviation decrement in executive function; P < .01). DISCUSSION: Impairment in executive function is specifically and linearly associated with higher health care expenditures. Focusing on management strategies that address early losses in executive function may be effective in reducing costly services.
INTRODUCTION: We examined the relationship between health care expenditures and cognition, focusing on differences across cognitive systems defined by global cognition, executive function, or episodic memory. METHODS: We used linear regression models to compare annual health expenditures by cognitive status in 8125 Nurses' Health Study participants who completed a cognitive battery and were enrolled in Medicare parts A and B. RESULTS: Adjusting for demographics and comorbidity, executive impairment was associated with higher total annual expenditures of $1488 per person (P < .01) compared with those without impairment. No association for episodic memory impairment was found. Expenditures exhibited a linear relationship with executive function, but not episodic memory ($584 higher for every 1 standard deviation decrement in executive function; P < .01). DISCUSSION: Impairment in executive function is specifically and linearly associated with higher health care expenditures. Focusing on management strategies that address early losses in executive function may be effective in reducing costly services.
Authors: Daniel K Leibel; Megan R Williams; Leslie I Katzel; Michele K Evans; Alan B Zonderman; Shari R Waldstein Journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Date: 2020-06-02 Impact factor: 4.077
Authors: Tasneem Khambaty; Daniel K Leibel; Leslie I Katzel; Michele K Evans; Alan B Zonderman; Shari R Waldstein Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2022-03-21 Impact factor: 3.864