Tatsuo Yamamoto1, Jun Aida2, Katsunori Kondo3,4,5, Shinya Fuchida1, Yukako Tani6,7, Masashige Saito4,8, Yuri Sasaki3. 1. Division of Dental Sociology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan. 2. Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan. 3. Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. 4. Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan. 5. Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan. 6. Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. 7. Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan. 8. Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether oral health status predicts depressive symptoms in older Japanese people. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Twenty-four municipalities in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older who responded to mail surveys performed by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study in 2010 and 2013 (N = 14,279). MEASUREMENTS: Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Multiple imputations were used to deal with missing data. After excluding participants with depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 5) at baseline, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident depressive symptoms in 2013 were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age, educational attainment, equivalized household income, marital status, present illness, exercise, frequency of going out, and visits for dental treatment, the following ORs (95% CIs) were observed in simultaneously added oral health variables: 10-19 teeth (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.99-1.37, reference: ≥20 teeth); 1-9 teeth (1.14, 0.94-1.38, reference: ≥20 teeth); no teeth (1.28, 1.03-1.60, reference: ≥20 teeth); more difficulty chewing tough foods now than 6 months ago (1.24, 1.04-1.47); choking when drinking tea or soup (1.02, 0.84-1.23); feelings of thirst (1.17, 0.99-1.40); difficulty eating food (0.98, 0.80-1.21), difficulty speaking clearly (1.19, 0.89-1.60); problems with smiling (1.24, 0.94-1.65); problems with emotional stability (1.32, 0.86-2.04); and problems enjoying oneself around family, friends, or other people (0.86, 0.42-1.78). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that having no teeth and oral health problems may play a role in the development or worsening of depressive symptoms.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether oral health status predicts depressive symptoms in older Japanese people. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Twenty-four municipalities in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older who responded to mail surveys performed by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study in 2010 and 2013 (N = 14,279). MEASUREMENTS: Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Multiple imputations were used to deal with missing data. After excluding participants with depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 5) at baseline, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident depressive symptoms in 2013 were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age, educational attainment, equivalized household income, marital status, present illness, exercise, frequency of going out, and visits for dental treatment, the following ORs (95% CIs) were observed in simultaneously added oral health variables: 10-19 teeth (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.99-1.37, reference: ≥20 teeth); 1-9 teeth (1.14, 0.94-1.38, reference: ≥20 teeth); no teeth (1.28, 1.03-1.60, reference: ≥20 teeth); more difficulty chewing tough foods now than 6 months ago (1.24, 1.04-1.47); choking when drinking tea or soup (1.02, 0.84-1.23); feelings of thirst (1.17, 0.99-1.40); difficulty eating food (0.98, 0.80-1.21), difficulty speaking clearly (1.19, 0.89-1.60); problems with smiling (1.24, 0.94-1.65); problems with emotional stability (1.32, 0.86-2.04); and problems enjoying oneself around family, friends, or other people (0.86, 0.42-1.78). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that having no teeth and oral health problems may play a role in the development or worsening of depressive symptoms.