Objective: The aim of this article is to update ADHD diagnosis/treatment trends by age, gender, and race. Method: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data were obtained for 2008-2009 to 2012-2013. Physician office visits including ADHD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy were measured per 1,000 population and per 1,000 office visits overall, and by demographic group. Logistic regression models controlled for demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, insurance type, and time period. Interactions of time, demographics, comorbidities, and insurance type were tested. Results: Diagnoses of ADHD increased by 36% in adults and 18% in youth, and diagnosis + drug by 29% in female and 10% in male youths. ADHD diagnosis was 77% less likely among Black than White adults but 24% more likely among Black than White youths in 2012-2013. Conduct disorder (CD) in youths multiplied odds of diagnosis + drug by 3.31; interaction of Black race × CD by 3.78. Conclusion: Upward trends in ADHD diagnosis and treatment have continued but vary markedly by group. Studies of undertreatment/overtreatment are needed.
Objective: The aim of this article is to update ADHD diagnosis/treatment trends by age, gender, and race. Method: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data were obtained for 2008-2009 to 2012-2013. Physician office visits including ADHD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy were measured per 1,000 population and per 1,000 office visits overall, and by demographic group. Logistic regression models controlled for demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, insurance type, and time period. Interactions of time, demographics, comorbidities, and insurance type were tested. Results: Diagnoses of ADHD increased by 36% in adults and 18% in youth, and diagnosis + drug by 29% in female and 10% in male youths. ADHD diagnosis was 77% less likely among Black than White adults but 24% more likely among Black than White youths in 2012-2013. Conduct disorder (CD) in youths multiplied odds of diagnosis + drug by 3.31; interaction of Black race × CD by 3.78. Conclusion: Upward trends in ADHD diagnosis and treatment have continued but vary markedly by group. Studies of undertreatment/overtreatment are needed.
Authors: Alfredo H Cía; Juan Carlos Stagnaro; Sergio Aguilar Gaxiola; Horacio Vommaro; Gustavo Loera; María Elena Medina-Mora; Sebastían Sustas; Corina Benjet; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2018-02-19 Impact factor: 4.328
Authors: Elke Opper; Olga Kunina-Habenicht; Doris Oriwol; Anke Hanssen-Doose; Janina Krell-Roesch; Robert Schlack; Annette Worth; Alexander Woll Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-02-08 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Winston Chung; Sheng-Fang Jiang; Diana Paksarian; Aki Nikolaidis; F Xavier Castellanos; Kathleen R Merikangas; Michael P Milham Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2019-11-01