Myriam C Afeiche1, Lindsey Smith Taillie2, Sinead Hopkins3, Alison L Eldridge4, Barry M Popkin2. 1. Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; myriam.afeichezehil@rdls.nestle.com. 2. Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and. 3. Cereals Partners Worldwide, Lausanne, Switzerland. 4. Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Abstract
Background: Mexico has experienced shifts in food availability and consumption patterns over the past few decades from traditional diets to those containing more high-energy density foods, resulting in the development of unhealthful dietary patterns among children and adults. However, to our knowledge it is not known whether breakfast consumption patterns contribute to the overall daily diet of Mexican children.Objective: We examined total-day diet among breakfast consumers compared with breakfast skippers, identified and investigated breakfast dietary patterns in relation to energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast and across the day, and examined these patterns in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: With the use of nationally representative dietary data (one 24-h recall) from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey, 3760 children aged 4-13 y were categorized into mutually exclusive breakfast patterns with the use of cluster analysis. The association between breakfast patterns and breakfast skippers with dietary intake at breakfast and for the total day was investigated with the use of multivariate linear regression. Results: Most children (83%) consumed breakfast. Six breakfast dietary patterns were identified (milk and sweetened breads, tortillas and beans, sweetened beverages, sandwiches and quesadillas, eggs, and cereal and milk) and reflected both traditional and more Westernized dietary patterns. Sugar-sweetened beverages were consumed across all patterns. Compared with all breakfast dietary patterns, breakfast skippers had the lowest intake of several nutrients of public health concern. Nutrients to limit that were high at breakfast tended to be high for the total day and vice versa for nutrients to encourage.Conclusions: There was not a single pattern that complied perfectly with the Mexican School Breakfast Guidelines, but changes such as increasing dietary fiber by encouraging more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and beans and reducing sodium and sugar-sweetened beverages could support compliance with these targets and improve overall diet quality.
Background: Mexico has experienced shifts in food availability and consumption patterns over the past few decades from traditional diets to those containing more high-energy density foods, resulting in the development of unhealthful dietary patterns among children and adults. However, to our knowledge it is not known whether breakfast consumption patterns contribute to the overall daily diet of Mexican children.Objective: We examined total-day diet among breakfast consumers compared with breakfast skippers, identified and investigated breakfast dietary patterns in relation to energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast and across the day, and examined these patterns in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: With the use of nationally representative dietary data (one 24-h recall) from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey, 3760 children aged 4-13 y were categorized into mutually exclusive breakfast patterns with the use of cluster analysis. The association between breakfast patterns and breakfast skippers with dietary intake at breakfast and for the total day was investigated with the use of multivariate linear regression. Results: Most children (83%) consumed breakfast. Six breakfast dietary patterns were identified (milk and sweetened breads, tortillas and beans, sweetened beverages, sandwiches and quesadillas, eggs, and cereal and milk) and reflected both traditional and more Westernized dietary patterns. Sugar-sweetened beverages were consumed across all patterns. Compared with all breakfast dietary patterns, breakfast skippers had the lowest intake of several nutrients of public health concern. Nutrients to limit that were high at breakfast tended to be high for the total day and vice versa for nutrients to encourage.Conclusions: There was not a single pattern that complied perfectly with the Mexican School Breakfast Guidelines, but changes such as increasing dietary fiber by encouraging more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and beans and reducing sodium and sugar-sweetened beverages could support compliance with these targets and improve overall diet quality.
Authors: Erica C Jansen; Hannah Marcovitch; Julia A Wolfson; Mary Leighton; Karen E Peterson; Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo; Alejandra Cantoral; Elizabeth F S Roberts Journal: Appetite Date: 2019-11-27 Impact factor: 3.868
Authors: Claudia Gabriela García-Chávez; Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez; Juan A Rivera; Eric Monterrubio-Flores; Katherine L Tucker Journal: Public Health Nutr Date: 2017-12-01 Impact factor: 4.022
Authors: Michael J Gibney; Susan I Barr; France Bellisle; Adam Drewnowski; Sisse Fagt; Barbara Livingstone; Gabriel Masset; Gregorio Varela Moreiras; Luis A Moreno; Jessica Smith; Florent Vieux; Frank Thielecke; Sinead Hopkins Journal: Nutrients Date: 2018-05-01 Impact factor: 5.717