Luke R Putnam1, Kuojen Tsao1, Kevin P Lally1, Martin L Blakely2, Tim Jancelewicz3, Pamela A Lally1, Matthew T Harting4. 1. Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX; Center for Surgical Trials and Evidence-based Practice (CSTEP), University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX. 2. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN. 3. Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN. 4. Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX; Center for Surgical Trials and Evidence-based Practice (CSTEP), University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX. Electronic address: matthew.t.harting@uth.tmc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approach for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair remains controversial. Our objective was to compare outcomes and complications of the MIS and open approaches, with risk-stratification of patients based on defect size and key patient characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: The multinational CDH Study Group (CDHSG) registry was queried for the period from 2007 to 2015. Patient demographics and operative details, including the CDHSG Staging System defect size (A to D), were reviewed. Open cases consisted of laparotomy and thoracotomy; MIS repairs included laparoscopy and thoracoscopy. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS) for patients surviving to discharge, hernia recurrence, and adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) requiring surgery. Regression analyses were performed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were derived. RESULTS: A total of 3,067 CDH patients underwent open (n = 2,579; 84%) or MIS (n = 488; 16%) repair. Patients undergoing open repair were more likely to be diagnosed prenatally, be premature, have lower 5-minute Apgar scores, and have major cardiac anomalies (all p < 0.001). Among MIS repairs, 79% were low risk (size A and B) defects vs 50% among open repairs (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing MIS repair experienced shorter overall median LOS, higher recurrence rates, and fewer SBO. With multivariable regression adjusting for defect size and key patient characteristics, an MIS approach was significantly associated with decreased LOS (mean -13.4 days; 95% CI -18 to -8.8 days), increased recurrences (OR 3.10; 95% CI 1.91 to 5.04), and decreased SBO (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: After risk-stratification of CDH patients, an MIS approach was independently associated with decreased LOS and SBO, but higher recurrence rates.
BACKGROUND: The minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approach for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair remains controversial. Our objective was to compare outcomes and complications of the MIS and open approaches, with risk-stratification of patients based on defect size and key patient characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: The multinational CDH Study Group (CDHSG) registry was queried for the period from 2007 to 2015. Patient demographics and operative details, including the CDHSG Staging System defect size (A to D), were reviewed. Open cases consisted of laparotomy and thoracotomy; MIS repairs included laparoscopy and thoracoscopy. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS) for patients surviving to discharge, hernia recurrence, and adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) requiring surgery. Regression analyses were performed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were derived. RESULTS: A total of 3,067 CDHpatients underwent open (n = 2,579; 84%) or MIS (n = 488; 16%) repair. Patients undergoing open repair were more likely to be diagnosed prenatally, be premature, have lower 5-minute Apgar scores, and have major cardiac anomalies (all p < 0.001). Among MIS repairs, 79% were low risk (size A and B) defects vs 50% among open repairs (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing MIS repair experienced shorter overall median LOS, higher recurrence rates, and fewer SBO. With multivariable regression adjusting for defect size and key patient characteristics, an MIS approach was significantly associated with decreased LOS (mean -13.4 days; 95% CI -18 to -8.8 days), increased recurrences (OR 3.10; 95% CI 1.91 to 5.04), and decreased SBO (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: After risk-stratification of CDHpatients, an MIS approach was independently associated with decreased LOS and SBO, but higher recurrence rates.
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