Inês M Valente1, Manuela M Moreira1,2, Pâmela Neves1,3, Thiago da Fé1,4, Luís M Gonçalves1, Paulo J Almeida1, José A Rodrigues1. 1. REQUIMTE/LAQV - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 2. REQUIMTE/LAQV - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 3. Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 4. Campus Araguaia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) is a technique that, although simple and not requiring any complex equipment, is very powerful and versatile. It has obtained growing interest in bioanalysis particularly when combined with chromatographic techniques. OBJECTIVES: Herein, fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were used as a case-study to show the application of SALLE in phytochemical analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: SALLE combined with HPLC-UV-MS/MS and GC-MS. RESULTS: By HPLC-UV-MS/MS analysis of the organic extract it was possible to identify various phenolic compounds, including quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid. The main compounds identified by GC-MS were estragole, fenchone, anisaldehyde, anethole, benzaldehyde, camphor and apiole. CONCLUSION: HPLC and GC analysis of the extracts showed that it is possible to isolate, in only one step, a wide range of compounds with distinct properties, allowing a detailed phytochemical analysis.
INTRODUCTION: Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) is a technique that, although simple and not requiring any complex equipment, is very powerful and versatile. It has obtained growing interest in bioanalysis particularly when combined with chromatographic techniques. OBJECTIVES: Herein, fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were used as a case-study to show the application of SALLE in phytochemical analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: SALLE combined with HPLC-UV-MS/MS and GC-MS. RESULTS: By HPLC-UV-MS/MS analysis of the organic extract it was possible to identify various phenolic compounds, including quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid. The main compounds identified by GC-MS were estragole, fenchone, anisaldehyde, anethole, benzaldehyde, camphor and apiole. CONCLUSION: HPLC and GC analysis of the extracts showed that it is possible to isolate, in only one step, a wide range of compounds with distinct properties, allowing a detailed phytochemical analysis.