Ravinder Kaur1, Janet Casey, Michael Pichichero. 1. Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, New York, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Acute otitis media (AOM) causes an inflammatory response in the middle ear. We assessed differences in innate immune responses involved in bacterial defense at onset of AOM in children who were stringently defined as otitis prone (sOP) and children not otitis prone (NOP). STUDY DESIGN: Innate immune genes analysis from middle ear fluid (MEF) samples of children. METHODS: Genes of toll-like receptors (TLR), nod-like and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, downstream effectors important for inflammation and apoptosis, including cytokines and chemokines, were studied from MEF samples by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction array. Protein levels of differentially regulated genes were measured by Luminex. RESULTS: Gene expression in MEF among children who were sOP was significantly different in upregulation of interleukin 8, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, and in downregulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 and its related signaling molecules interferon alpha, Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 compared with children who were NOP. Differences in innate gene regulation were similar when AOM was caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. CONCLUSION: Innate-immune response genes are differentially regulated in children who were sOP compared with children with NOP.
OBJECTIVE: Acute otitis media (AOM) causes an inflammatory response in the middle ear. We assessed differences in innate immune responses involved in bacterial defense at onset of AOM in children who were stringently defined as otitis prone (sOP) and children not otitis prone (NOP). STUDY DESIGN: Innate immune genes analysis from middle ear fluid (MEF) samples of children. METHODS: Genes of toll-like receptors (TLR), nod-like and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, downstream effectors important for inflammation and apoptosis, including cytokines and chemokines, were studied from MEF samples by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction array. Protein levels of differentially regulated genes were measured by Luminex. RESULTS: Gene expression in MEF among children who were sOP was significantly different in upregulation of interleukin 8, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, and in downregulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 and its related signaling molecules interferon alpha, Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 compared with children who were NOP. Differences in innate gene regulation were similar when AOM was caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. CONCLUSION: Innate-immune response genes are differentially regulated in children who were sOP compared with children with NOP.
Authors: Tasnee Chonmaitree; Rocio Trujillo; Kristofer Jennings; Pedro Alvarez-Fernandez; Janak A Patel; Michael J Loeffelholz; Johanna Nokso-Koivisto; Reuben Matalon; Richard B Pyles; Aaron L Miller; David P McCormick Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2016-03-28 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: R F Yellon; G Leonard; P T Marucha; R Craven; R J Carpenter; W B Lehmann; J A Burleson; D L Kreutzer Journal: Laryngoscope Date: 1991-02 Impact factor: 3.325
Authors: Michael W Mather; Steven Powell; Benjamin Talks; Chris Ward; Colin D Bingle; Muzlifah Haniffa; Jason Powell Journal: Expert Rev Mol Med Date: 2021-08-18 Impact factor: 7.615
Authors: Mark R Alderson; Tim Murphy; Stephen I Pelton; Laura A Novotny; Laura L Hammitt; Arwa Kurabi; Jian-Dong Li; Ruth B Thornton; Lea-Ann S Kirkham Journal: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol Date: 2019-12-18 Impact factor: 1.675
Authors: Sharon L Clark; Elke J Seppanen; Lea-Ann S Kirkham; Laura A Novotny; Lauren O Bakaletz; Allan W Cripps; Karli Corscadden; Harvey Coates; Shyan Vijayasekaran; Peter C Richmond; Ruth B Thornton Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Date: 2022-04-07 Impact factor: 6.073