Richard B Xu1, Xiangyi Kong1, Benjamin P Xu2, Yun Song2, Meng Ji3, Min Zhao2, Xiao Huang4, Ping Li4, Xiaoshu Cheng4, Fang Chen5, Yan Zhang1, Genfu Tang6, Xianhui Qin2, Binyan Wang2, Fan Fan Hou2, Qiang Dong7, Yundai Chen8, Tianlun Yang9, Ningling Sun10, Xiaoying Li11, Lianyou Zhao12, Junbo Ge3, Linong Ji13, Yong Huo14, Jianping Li14. 1. Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. 2. National Clinical Research Study Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 3. Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 4. Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China. 5. Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 6. School of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. 7. Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 8. Department of Cardiology and. 9. Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. 10. Departments of Cardiology and. 11. Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. 12. Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. 13. Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; and. 14. Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; huoyong@263.net.cn lijianpingmedmail@126.com.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a known risk factor for stroke, but data on its prospective association with first stroke are limited. Folic acid supplementation has been shown to protect against first stroke, but its role in preventing first stroke in diabetes is unknown. Objectives: This post hoc analysis of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial tested the hypotheses that the fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration is positively associated with first stroke risk and that folic acid treatment can reduce stroke risk associated with elevated fasting glucose concentrations.Design: This analysis included 20,327 hypertensive adults without a history of stroke or myocardial infarction, who were randomly assigned to a double-blind daily treatment with 10 mg enalapril and 0.8 mg folic acid (n = 10,160) or 10 mg enalapril alone (n = 10,167). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportionate hazard models were used to test the hypotheses with adjustment for pertinent covariables. Results: During a median treatment duration of 4.5 y, 616 participants developed a first stroke (497 ischemic strokes). A high FBG concentration (≥7.0 mmol/L) or diabetes, compared with a low FBG concentration (<5.0 mmol/L), was associated with an increased risk of first stroke (6.0% compared with 2.6%, respectively; HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.8; P < 0.001). Folic acid treatment reduced the risk of stroke across a wide range of FBG concentrations ≥5.0 mmol/L, but risk reduction was greatest in subjects with FBG concentrations ≥7.0 mmol/L or with diabetes (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.97; P < 0.05). There was a significant interactive effect of FBG and folic acid treatment on first stroke (P = 0.01).Conclusions: In Chinese hypertensive adults, an FBG concentration ≥7.0 mmol/L or diabetes is associated with an increased risk of first stroke; this increased risk is reduced by 34% with folic acid treatment. These findings warrant additional investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00794885.
RCT Entities:
Background: Diabetes is a known risk factor for stroke, but data on its prospective association with first stroke are limited. Folic acid supplementation has been shown to protect against first stroke, but its role in preventing first stroke in diabetes is unknown. Objectives: This post hoc analysis of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial tested the hypotheses that the fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration is positively associated with first stroke risk and that folic acid treatment can reduce stroke risk associated with elevated fasting glucose concentrations.Design: This analysis included 20,327 hypertensive adults without a history of stroke or myocardial infarction, who were randomly assigned to a double-blind daily treatment with 10 mg enalapril and 0.8 mg folic acid (n = 10,160) or 10 mg enalapril alone (n = 10,167). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportionate hazard models were used to test the hypotheses with adjustment for pertinent covariables. Results: During a median treatment duration of 4.5 y, 616 participants developed a first stroke (497 ischemic strokes). A high FBG concentration (≥7.0 mmol/L) or diabetes, compared with a low FBG concentration (<5.0 mmol/L), was associated with an increased risk of first stroke (6.0% compared with 2.6%, respectively; HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.8; P < 0.001). Folic acid treatment reduced the risk of stroke across a wide range of FBG concentrations ≥5.0 mmol/L, but risk reduction was greatest in subjects with FBG concentrations ≥7.0 mmol/L or with diabetes (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.97; P < 0.05). There was a significant interactive effect of FBG and folic acid treatment on first stroke (P = 0.01).Conclusions: In Chinese hypertensive adults, an FBG concentration ≥7.0 mmol/L or diabetes is associated with an increased risk of first stroke; this increased risk is reduced by 34% with folic acid treatment. These findings warrant additional investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00794885.