Paul B Gerrard1, Grant L Iverson2, Joseph E Atkins3, Bruce A Maxwell4, Ross Zafonte5, Philip Schatz6, Paul D Berkner7. 1. New England Rehabilitation Hospital of Portland, Portland, ME, USA. 2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital; and Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, MA, USA giverson@mgh.harvard.ed. 3. Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA. 4. Department of Computer Science, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA. 5. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, MA, USA. 6. Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 7. Health Services and Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: ImPACT® (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) is a computerized neuropsychological screening battery, which is widely used to measure the acute effects of sport-related concussion and to monitor recovery from injury. This study examined the factor structure of ImPACT® in several samples of high school student athletes. We hypothesized that a 2-factor structure would be present in all samples. METHOD: A sample of 4,809 adolescent student athletes was included, and subgroups with a history of treatment for headaches or a self-reported history of learning problems or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were analyzed separately. Exploratory principal axis factor analyses with Promax rotations were used. RESULTS: As hypothesized, both the combination of Verbal Memory and Visual Memory Composite scores loaded on one (Memory) factor, while Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time loaded on a different (Speed) factor, in the total sample and in all subgroups. CONCLUSION: These results provide reasonably compelling evidence, across multiple samples, which ImPACT® measures 2 distinct factors: memory and speed.
OBJECTIVE: ImPACT® (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) is a computerized neuropsychological screening battery, which is widely used to measure the acute effects of sport-related concussion and to monitor recovery from injury. This study examined the factor structure of ImPACT® in several samples of high school student athletes. We hypothesized that a 2-factor structure would be present in all samples. METHOD: A sample of 4,809 adolescent student athletes was included, and subgroups with a history of treatment for headaches or a self-reported history of learning problems or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were analyzed separately. Exploratory principal axis factor analyses with Promax rotations were used. RESULTS: As hypothesized, both the combination of Verbal Memory and Visual Memory Composite scores loaded on one (Memory) factor, while Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time loaded on a different (Speed) factor, in the total sample and in all subgroups. CONCLUSION: These results provide reasonably compelling evidence, across multiple samples, which ImPACT® measures 2 distinct factors: memory and speed.
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