Rebecca G Nowak1, Søren M Bentzen, Jacques Ravel, Trevor A Crowell, Wuese Dauda, Bing Ma, Hongjie Liu, William A Blattner, Stefan D Baral, Manhattan E Charurat. 1. aInstitute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine bUniversity of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center cDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health dInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore eUS Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring fHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA gInstitute of Human Virology, Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria hSchool of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park iJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Untreated advanced HIV infection alters the gut microbiota, but it is unclear whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) reverses these changes. We compared the composition of the rectal microbiota among three groups of men who have sex with men (MSM): HIV-uninfected, untreated HIV, and ART-treated HIV-infected. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 MSM (55 HIV-uninfected, 41 untreated HIV, and 34 ART-treated HIV) in Abuja, Nigeria. METHODS: Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified from rectal swabs, sequenced and clustered into Genera-level operational taxonomic units. Alpha diversity was quantified using the Shannon index and compared among groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test; associations with other scale variables were quantified using Spearman's rank correlation (Rs). The relative abundance of the top 15 taxa was compared according to HIV infection/treatment status using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: HIV-treated MSM had a decrease in a commensal phylum, Bacteroidetes (P < 0.01). Alpha diversity was positively correlated with viral loads (Rs = 0.32, P < 0.01). Statistically significant shifts in relative abundance of rectal microbiota for the HIV-treated group included a decrease in the most abundant bacteria, Prevotella (P = 0.02) and an increase in pathogenic bacteria, Peptoniphilus (P = 0.04), Finegoldia (P = 0.01), Anaerococcus (P = 0.03), and Campylobacter (P = 0.03) compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION: Untreated HIV infection does not significantly alter the rectal microbiota, whereas prior treatment is associated with a shift toward a more pathogenic pattern of microbiota. Treatment with an antibiotic, co-trimoxazole, in conjunction with ART may have contributed to this shift.
OBJECTIVE: Untreated advanced HIV infection alters the gut microbiota, but it is unclear whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) reverses these changes. We compared the composition of the rectal microbiota among three groups of men who have sex with men (MSM): HIV-uninfected, untreated HIV, and ART-treated HIV-infected. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 MSM (55 HIV-uninfected, 41 untreated HIV, and 34 ART-treated HIV) in Abuja, Nigeria. METHODS: Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified from rectal swabs, sequenced and clustered into Genera-level operational taxonomic units. Alpha diversity was quantified using the Shannon index and compared among groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test; associations with other scale variables were quantified using Spearman's rank correlation (Rs). The relative abundance of the top 15 taxa was compared according to HIV infection/treatment status using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: HIV-treated MSM had a decrease in a commensal phylum, Bacteroidetes (P < 0.01). Alpha diversity was positively correlated with viral loads (Rs = 0.32, P < 0.01). Statistically significant shifts in relative abundance of rectal microbiota for the HIV-treated group included a decrease in the most abundant bacteria, Prevotella (P = 0.02) and an increase in pathogenic bacteria, Peptoniphilus (P = 0.04), Finegoldia (P = 0.01), Anaerococcus (P = 0.03), and Campylobacter (P = 0.03) compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION: Untreated HIV infection does not significantly alter the rectal microbiota, whereas prior treatment is associated with a shift toward a more pathogenic pattern of microbiota. Treatment with an antibiotic, co-trimoxazole, in conjunction with ART may have contributed to this shift.
Authors: Rebecca G Nowak; Patti E Gravitt; Xin He; Sosthenes Ketende; Wuese Dauda; Helen Omuh; William A Blattner; Manhattan E Charurat Journal: Sex Transm Dis Date: 2016-04 Impact factor: 2.830
Authors: L Flanagan; J Schmid; M Ebert; P Soucek; T Kunicka; V Liska; J Bruha; P Neary; N Dezeeuw; M Tommasino; M Jenab; J H M Prehn; D J Hughes Journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Date: 2014-03-06 Impact factor: 3.267
Authors: Susan A Tuddenham; Wei Li A Koay; Ni Zhao; James R White; Khalil G Ghanem; Cynthia L Sears Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2020-02-03 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Meagan A Rubel; Arwa Abbas; Louis J Taylor; Andrew Connell; Ceylan Tanes; Kyle Bittinger; Valantine N Ndze; Julius Y Fonsah; Eric Ngwang; André Essiane; Charles Fokunang; Alfred K Njamnshi; Frederic D Bushman; Sarah A Tishkoff Journal: Genome Biol Date: 2020-05-25 Impact factor: 13.583