Anitha Jeyagurunathan1, Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar2, Edimansyah Abdin3, Rajeswari Sambasivam4, Esmond Seow5, Shirlene Pang6, Louisa Picco7, Siow Ann Chong8, Mythily Subramaniam9. 1. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: anitha_jeyagurunathan@imh.com.sg. 2. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: janhavi_vaingankar@imh.com.sg. 3. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: edimansyah_abdin@imh.com.sg. 4. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: rajeswari_sambasivam@imh.com.sg. 5. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: Esmond_LS_SEOW@imh.com.sg. 6. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: Shirlene_PANG@imh.com.sg. 7. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: louisa_picco@imh.com.sg. 8. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: siow_ann_chong@imh.com.sg. 9. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: mythily@imh.com.sg.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This article aims to investigate the gender differences in positive mental health among outpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS: 142 outpatients (aged 21-65 years) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital. They were administered the following instruments: The Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered from interviews with the participants as well as from their medical records. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were performed to investigate the gender differences in PMH total and domain-specific scores. Association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with PMH was furthered explored in men and women independently using multiple linear regression analyses using backward stepwise method. RESULTS: PMH total score and Emotional Support (ES) and Global Affect (GA) sub-scale scores were significantly higher among women vs men (PMH = 4.41 vs 4.07, p value = 0.01 and domains ES = 4.56 vs 3.84, p value < 0.01 and GA = 4.44 vs 4.02, p value = 0.01), given that the men and women samples did not differ significantly in their socio-demographic and clinical profiles. After adjusting for all covariates, men with no formal/ primary education were significantly associated with lower PMH total score than those with higher (secondary, A level, pre-university) education. Men belonging to Malay ethnic group had significant higher PMH total score compared to men of Chinese ethnicity. Among the women samples, those with depression as measured by PHQ-8 had significantly lower scores in the PMH total score and higher GAF score was associated with significantly higher scores in PMH total score. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified gender differences in PMH of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders whereby women had higher PMH total score and domain scores than men. The study also identified factors associated with PMH which can aid in designing gender appropriate mental health interventions.
OBJECTIVE: This article aims to investigate the gender differences in positive mental health among outpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS: 142 outpatients (aged 21-65 years) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital. They were administered the following instruments: The Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered from interviews with the participants as well as from their medical records. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were performed to investigate the gender differences in PMH total and domain-specific scores. Association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with PMH was furthered explored in men and women independently using multiple linear regression analyses using backward stepwise method. RESULTS: PMH total score and Emotional Support (ES) and Global Affect (GA) sub-scale scores were significantly higher among women vs men (PMH = 4.41 vs 4.07, p value = 0.01 and domains ES = 4.56 vs 3.84, p value < 0.01 and GA = 4.44 vs 4.02, p value = 0.01), given that the men and women samples did not differ significantly in their socio-demographic and clinical profiles. After adjusting for all covariates, men with no formal/ primary education were significantly associated with lower PMH total score than those with higher (secondary, A level, pre-university) education. Men belonging to Malay ethnic group had significant higher PMH total score compared to men of Chinese ethnicity. Among the women samples, those with depression as measured by PHQ-8 had significantly lower scores in the PMH total score and higher GAF score was associated with significantly higher scores in PMH total score. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified gender differences in PMH of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders whereby women had higher PMH total score and domain scores than men. The study also identified factors associated with PMH which can aid in designing gender appropriate mental health interventions.
Authors: Michelle H Chen; Stephanie A Korenic; Emerson M Wickwire; S Andrea Wijtenburg; L Elliot Hong; Laura M Rowland Journal: Behav Sleep Med Date: 2019-08-28 Impact factor: 2.964
Authors: Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar; Edimansyah Abdin; Robertus Martinus van Dam; Siow Ann Chong; Linda Wei Lin Tan; Rajeswari Sambasivam; Esmond Seow; Boon Yiang Chua; Hwee Lin Wee; Wei Yen Lim; Mythily Subramaniam Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2020-04-10 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar; Mythily Subramaniam; Linda Wei Lin Tan; Edimansyah Abdin; Wei Yen Lim; Hwee Lin Wee; Siow Ann Chong; Rob Martinus van Dam Journal: BMC Med Res Methodol Date: 2018-03-15 Impact factor: 4.615