Maryam S Farvid1, Akbar F Malekshah2, Akram Pourshams3, Hossein Poustchi4, Sadaf G Sepanlou2, Maryam Sharafkhah5, Masoud Khoshnia6, Mojtaba Farvid7, Christian C Abnet8, Farin Kamangar9, Sanford M Dawsey8, Paul Brennan10, Paul D Pharoah11, Paolo Boffetta12, Walter C Willett13, Reza Malekzadeh14. 1. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: mfarvid@hsph.harvard.edu. 2. Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. 7. Independent researcher, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden. 8. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. 9. Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland. 10. Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 11. Departments of Oncology and Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 12. Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. 13. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 14. Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: malek@tums.ac.ir.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Dietary protein comes from foods with greatly different compositions that may not relate equally with mortality risk. Few cohort studies from non-Western countries have examined the association between various dietary protein sources and cause-specific mortality. Therefore, the associations between dietary protein sources and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality were evaluated in the Golestan Cohort Study in Iran. METHODS: Among 42,403 men and women who completed a dietary questionnaire at baseline, 3,291 deaths were documented during 11 years of follow up (2004-2015). Cox proportional hazards models estimated age-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause and disease-specific mortality in relation to dietary protein sources. Data were analyzed from 2015 to 2016. RESULTS: Comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile, egg consumption was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk (HR=0.88, 95% CI=0.79, 0.97, ptrend=0.03). In multivariate analysis, the highest versus the lowest quartile of fish consumption was associated with reduced risk of total cancer (HR=0.79, 95% CI=0.64, 0.98, ptrend=0.03) and gastrointestinal cancer (HR=0.75, 95% CI=0.56, 1.00, ptrend=0.02) mortality. The highest versus the lowest quintile of legume consumption was associated with reduced total cancer (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.58, 0.89, ptrend=0.004), gastrointestinal cancer (HR=0.76, 95% CI=0.58, 1.01, ptrend=0.05), and other cancer (HR=0.66, 95% CI=0.47, 0.93, ptrend=0.04) mortality. Significant associations between total red meat and poultry intake and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, or cancer mortality rate were not observed among all participants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support an association of higher fish and legume consumption with lower cancer mortality, and higher egg consumption with lower all-cause mortality.
INTRODUCTION: Dietary protein comes from foods with greatly different compositions that may not relate equally with mortality risk. Few cohort studies from non-Western countries have examined the association between various dietary protein sources and cause-specific mortality. Therefore, the associations between dietary protein sources and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality were evaluated in the Golestan Cohort Study in Iran. METHODS: Among 42,403 men and women who completed a dietary questionnaire at baseline, 3,291 deaths were documented during 11 years of follow up (2004-2015). Cox proportional hazards models estimated age-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause and disease-specific mortality in relation to dietary protein sources. Data were analyzed from 2015 to 2016. RESULTS: Comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile, egg consumption was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk (HR=0.88, 95% CI=0.79, 0.97, ptrend=0.03). In multivariate analysis, the highest versus the lowest quartile of fish consumption was associated with reduced risk of total cancer (HR=0.79, 95% CI=0.64, 0.98, ptrend=0.03) and gastrointestinal cancer (HR=0.75, 95% CI=0.56, 1.00, ptrend=0.02) mortality. The highest versus the lowest quintile of legume consumption was associated with reduced total cancer (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.58, 0.89, ptrend=0.004), gastrointestinal cancer (HR=0.76, 95% CI=0.58, 1.01, ptrend=0.05), and other cancer (HR=0.66, 95% CI=0.47, 0.93, ptrend=0.04) mortality. Significant associations between total red meat and poultry intake and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, or cancer mortality rate were not observed among all participants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support an association of higher fish and legume consumption with lower cancer mortality, and higher egg consumption with lower all-cause mortality.
Authors: A F Malekshah; M Kimiagar; M Saadatian-Elahi; A Pourshams; M Nouraie; G Goglani; A Hoshiarrad; M Sadatsafavi; B Golestan; A Yoonesi; N Rakhshani; S Fahimi; D Nasrollahzadeh; R Salahi; A Ghafarpour; S Semnani; J P Steghens; C C Abnet; F Kamangar; S M Dawsey; P Brennan; P Boffetta; R Malekzadeh Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2006-02-08 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Seyed Mohammad Mousavi; Nikan Zargarzadeh; Somaye Rigi; Emma Persad; Ana Beatriz Pizarro; Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar; Bagher Larijani; Walter C Willett; Ahmad Esmaillzadeh Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2022-10-02 Impact factor: 11.567
Authors: L Langsetmo; S Harrison; S Jonnalagadda; S L Pereira; J M Shikany; S Farsijani; N E Lane; J A Cauley; K Stone; P M Cawthon Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2020 Impact factor: 4.075
Authors: Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez; Giuseppe Grosso; Justyna Godos; Agnieszka Micek; Tomasz Brzostek; Estefania Toledo; Licia Iacoviello; Arne Astrup; Oscar H Franco; Fabio Galvano Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2020-08-31 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Yangbo Sun; Buyun Liu; Linda G Snetselaar; Robert B Wallace; Aladdin H Shadyab; Candyce H Kroenke; Bernhard Haring; Barbara V Howard; James M Shikany; Carolina Valdiviezo; Wei Bao Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2021-02-24 Impact factor: 5.501