A J Singer1, M P Than2, S Smith3, P McCullough4, T W Barrett5, R Birkhahn6, M Reed7, H C Thode8, W D Arnold9, L B Daniels10, C de Filippi11, G Headden12, W F Peacock13. 1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States. Electronic address: adam.singer@stonybrook.edu. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand. 3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States. 4. Department of Cardiology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States. 5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States. 6. Department of Emergency Medicine, Methodist Hospital, New York, NY, United States. 7. International Heart Institute of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States. 8. Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States. 9. Alere, San Diego, CA, United States. 10. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States. 11. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States. 12. Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States. 13. Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Few studies have prospectively compared multiple cardiac risk prediction scores. We compared the rate of missed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in chest pain patients prospectively categorized as low risk by unstructured clinical impression, and by HEART, TIMI, GRACE, and EDACS scores, in combination with two negative contemporary cardiac troponins (cTn) available in the U.S. METHODS: We enrolled 434 patients with chest pain presenting to one of seven emergency departments (ED). Risk scores were prospectively calculated and included the first two cTn. Low risk was defined for each score as HEART≤3, TIMI≤0, GRACE≤50, and EDACS≤15. AMI incidence was calculated for low risk patients and compared across scores using Χ2 tests and C statistics. RESULTS: The patients' median age was 57, 58% were male, 60% white, and 80 (18%) had AMI. The missed AMI rate in low risk patients for each of the scores when combined with 2 cTn were HEART 3.6%, TIMI 0%, GRACE 6.3%, EDACS 0.9%, and unstructured clinical impression 0%. The C-statistic was greatest for the EDACS score, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Using their recommended cutpoints and non high sensitivity cTn, TIMI and unstructured clinical impression were the only scores with no missed cases of AMI. Using lower cutpoints (GRACE≤48, TIMI=0, EDACS≤11, HEART≤2) missed no case of AMI, but classified less patients as low-risk.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Few studies have prospectively compared multiple cardiac risk prediction scores. We compared the rate of missed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in chest painpatients prospectively categorized as low risk by unstructured clinical impression, and by HEART, TIMI, GRACE, and EDACS scores, in combination with two negative contemporary cardiac troponins (cTn) available in the U.S. METHODS: We enrolled 434 patients with chest pain presenting to one of seven emergency departments (ED). Risk scores were prospectively calculated and included the first two cTn. Low risk was defined for each score as HEART≤3, TIMI≤0, GRACE≤50, and EDACS≤15. AMI incidence was calculated for low risk patients and compared across scores using Χ2 tests and C statistics. RESULTS: The patients' median age was 57, 58% were male, 60% white, and 80 (18%) had AMI. The missed AMI rate in low risk patients for each of the scores when combined with 2 cTn were HEART 3.6%, TIMI 0%, GRACE 6.3%, EDACS 0.9%, and unstructured clinical impression 0%. The C-statistic was greatest for the EDACS score, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Using their recommended cutpoints and non high sensitivity cTn, TIMI and unstructured clinical impression were the only scores with no missed cases of AMI. Using lower cutpoints (GRACE≤48, TIMI=0, EDACS≤11, HEART≤2) missed no case of AMI, but classified less patients as low-risk.
Authors: Christopher B Fordyce; C Larry Hill; Daniel B Mark; Brooke Alhanti; Patricia A Pellikka; Udo Hoffmann; Manesh R Patel; Pamela S Douglas Journal: Heart Date: 2022-05-12 Impact factor: 7.365
Authors: Trent Williams; Lindsay Savage; Nicholas Whitehead; Helen Orvad; Claire Cummins; Steven Faddy; Peter Fletcher; Andrew J Boyle; Kerry Jill Inder Journal: Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc Date: 2019-03-09