Lauren C Blekkenhorst1, Richard L Prince2, Natalie C Ward1,3, Kevin D Croft1, Joshua R Lewis2,4,5, Amanda Devine6, Sujata Shinde1, Richard J Woodman7, Jonathan M Hodgson1,6, Catherine P Bondonno1,6. 1. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Perth, WA, Australia. 2. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre Unit, Perth, WA, Australia. 3. School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. 4. Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia. 5. School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 6. School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia. 7. Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Abstract
SCOPE: Nitrate from vegetables improves vascular health with short-term intake. Whether this translates into improved long-term health outcomes has yet to be investigated. To enable reliable analysis of nitrate intake from food records, there is a strong need for a comprehensive nitrate content of vegetables database. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic literature search (1980-2016) was performed using Medline, Agricola and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux abstracts databases. The nitrate content of vegetables database contains 4237 records from 255 publications with data on 178 vegetables and 22 herbs and spices. The nitrate content of individual vegetables ranged from Chinese flat cabbage (median; range: 4240; 3004-6310 mg/kg FW) to corn (median; range: 12; 5-1091 mg/kg FW). The database was applied to estimate vegetable nitrate intake using 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Significant correlations were observed between urinary nitrate excretion and 24-HDR (r = 0.4, P = 0.013), between 24-HDR and 12 month FFQs (r = 0.5, P < 0.001) as well as two 4 week FFQs administered 8 weeks apart (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This comprehensive nitrate database allows quantification of dietary nitrate from a large variety of vegetables. It can be applied to dietary records to explore the associations between nitrate intake and health outcomes in human studies.
SCOPE: Nitrate from vegetables improves vascular health with short-term intake. Whether this translates into improved long-term health outcomes has yet to be investigated. To enable reliable analysis of nitrate intake from food records, there is a strong need for a comprehensive nitrate content of vegetables database. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic literature search (1980-2016) was performed using Medline, Agricola and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux abstracts databases. The nitrate content of vegetables database contains 4237 records from 255 publications with data on 178 vegetables and 22 herbs and spices. The nitrate content of individual vegetables ranged from Chinese flat cabbage (median; range: 4240; 3004-6310 mg/kg FW) to corn (median; range: 12; 5-1091 mg/kg FW). The database was applied to estimate vegetable nitrate intake using 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Significant correlations were observed between urinary nitrate excretion and 24-HDR (r = 0.4, P = 0.013), between 24-HDR and 12 month FFQs (r = 0.5, P < 0.001) as well as two 4 week FFQs administered 8 weeks apart (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This comprehensive nitrate database allows quantification of dietary nitrate from a large variety of vegetables. It can be applied to dietary records to explore the associations between nitrate intake and health outcomes in human studies.
Authors: Marc Sim; Joshua R Lewis; Richard L Prince; Itamar Levinger; Tara C Brennan-Speranza; Claire Palmer; Catherine P Bondonno; Nicola P Bondonno; Amanda Devine; Natalie C Ward; Elizabeth Byrnes; Carl J Schultz; Richard Woodman; Kevin Croft; Jonathan M Hodgson; Lauren C Blekkenhorst Journal: Bone Rep Date: 2020-04-26
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