Pierre A Geoffroy1,2,3,4, Emmanuel Curis1,5,6,7, Cindie Courtin1,5, Jeverson Moreira1,5, Thomas Morvillers1, Bruno Etain1,2,3,4, Jean-Louis Laplanche1,2,5, Frank Bellivier1,2,3,4, Cynthia Marie-Claire1,2,5. 1. a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France. 2. b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France. 3. c AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal , Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France. 4. d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France. 5. e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France. 6. f Laboratoire de biomathématiques, Faculté de pharmacie de Paris Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France. 7. g Département de biostatistiques et d'informatique médicales , Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP , Paris , France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We examine whether the lithium response is associated with changes in the expression of core clock genes. METHODS: The effect of a therapeutic concentration of lithium (1 mM) on the expression levels of 17 circadian genes was examined in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from two well-characterized groups of bipolar disorder patients, defined as lithium non-responders (NR, n = 20) or excellent responders (ER, n = 16). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted at 2, 4 and 8 days (d2, d4 and d8) with and without lithium exposure. RESULTS: At d2, in ER only, BHLHE41, RORA, PER1, ARNTL, CRY2, BHLHE40 and CSNK1D were upregulated, whereas NR1D1 was downregulated. At d4, in ER only, CRY1 was downregulated. At d8, in NR only, GSK3β was upregulated and DBP, TIMELESS and CRY1 were downregulated. Significant Group × Lithium interactions existed for NR1D1 at d2 (P = 0.02), and CRY1 at d4 (P = 0.02). Longitudinal analyses showed differential temporal evolutions between NR and ER (significant Time × Group interaction) for PER3, NR1D1, DBP, RORA, CSNK1D and TIMELESS; and a significant Time × Lithium interaction for NR1D1. Coexpression data analyses suggested distinct groups of circadian genes concurrently modulated by lithium. CONCLUSIONS: In LCLs, lithium influences expression of circadian genes with differences in amplitude and kinetics according to the patient's lithium response status.
OBJECTIVES: We examine whether the lithium response is associated with changes in the expression of core clock genes. METHODS: The effect of a therapeutic concentration of lithium (1 mM) on the expression levels of 17 circadian genes was examined in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from two well-characterized groups of bipolar disorderpatients, defined as lithium non-responders (NR, n = 20) or excellent responders (ER, n = 16). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted at 2, 4 and 8 days (d2, d4 and d8) with and without lithium exposure. RESULTS: At d2, in ER only, BHLHE41, RORA, PER1, ARNTL, CRY2, BHLHE40 and CSNK1D were upregulated, whereas NR1D1 was downregulated. At d4, in ER only, CRY1 was downregulated. At d8, in NR only, GSK3β was upregulated and DBP, TIMELESS and CRY1 were downregulated. Significant Group × Lithium interactions existed for NR1D1 at d2 (P = 0.02), and CRY1 at d4 (P = 0.02). Longitudinal analyses showed differential temporal evolutions between NR and ER (significant Time × Group interaction) for PER3, NR1D1, DBP, RORA, CSNK1D and TIMELESS; and a significant Time × Lithium interaction for NR1D1. Coexpression data analyses suggested distinct groups of circadian genes concurrently modulated by lithium. CONCLUSIONS: In LCLs, lithium influences expression of circadian genes with differences in amplitude and kinetics according to the patient's lithium response status.
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