Rakefet Pando1, Yaron Drori2, Nehemya Friedman2, Aharona Glatman-Freedman3, Hanna Sefty1, Tamar Shohat1, Ella Mendelson2, Musa Hindiyeh4, Michal Mandelboim5. 1. The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. 2. Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. 3. The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Departments of Pediatrics and Family and Community Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA. 4. Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: Musa.Hindiyeh@sheba.health.gov.il. 5. Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: michalman@sheba.health.gov.il.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Influenza A and B viruses co-infections are rare events and mainly occurred in immunocompromised patients. OBJECTIVES: In this study we report an unusually high occurrence of influenza A (H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B virus co-infections during the epidemic year 2015-2016. STUDY DESIGN: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 1919 patients visiting 26 outpatient clinics distributed throughout Israel and presenting with influenza-like illness. In addition, hospitalized patient tested for influenza viruses were also included in the study. Patients samples collected between October 2015 and April 2016 were tested for the presence of influenza viruses by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Of the 1919 patient samples tested, 11 (0.6%) were co-infected with both influenza A(H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B/Victoria viruses. Similar observation was noted in four hospitalized patients during the same period. Patients at ages 1-72 years, and their clinical symptoms were similar to that of patients infected with either influenza A or B viruses. Of all patients, only one hospitalized patient was immunocompromised. IN CONCLUSION: Co-infection of influenza A(H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B viruses is an increasingly recognized phenomenon. This co-infection can occur not only in immunocompromised individuals, but also in immunocompetent patients. Although co-infection appears to be a rare event, it may still play a role in the epidemiology, pathogenicity and evolution of influenza viruses.
BACKGROUND:Influenza A and B viruses co-infections are rare events and mainly occurred in immunocompromised patients. OBJECTIVES: In this study we report an unusually high occurrence of influenza A (H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B virus co-infections during the epidemic year 2015-2016. STUDY DESIGN: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 1919 patients visiting 26 outpatient clinics distributed throughout Israel and presenting with influenza-like illness. In addition, hospitalized patient tested for influenza viruses were also included in the study. Patients samples collected between October 2015 and April 2016 were tested for the presence of influenza viruses by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Of the 1919 patient samples tested, 11 (0.6%) were co-infected with both influenza A(H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B/Victoria viruses. Similar observation was noted in four hospitalized patients during the same period. Patients at ages 1-72 years, and their clinical symptoms were similar to that of patients infected with either influenza A or B viruses. Of all patients, only one hospitalized patient was immunocompromised. IN CONCLUSION: Co-infection of influenza A(H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B viruses is an increasingly recognized phenomenon. This co-infection can occur not only in immunocompromised individuals, but also in immunocompetent patients. Although co-infection appears to be a rare event, it may still play a role in the epidemiology, pathogenicity and evolution of influenza viruses.
Authors: Rakefet Pando; Shahar Stern; Ital Nemet; Aharona Glatman-Freedman; Hanna Sefty; Neta S Zuckerman; Yaron Drori; Nehemya Friedman; John W McCauley; Lital Keinan-Boker; Ella Mendelson; Rodney S Daniels; Michal Mandelboim Journal: Vaccines (Basel) Date: 2021-04-13
Authors: Hamutal Yaron-Yakoby; Hanna Sefty; Rakefet Pando; Rita Dichtiar; Mark A Katz; Yaniv Stein; Michal Mandelboim; Ella Mendelson; Tamy Shohat; Aharona Glatman-Freedman Journal: Euro Surveill Date: 2018-02
Authors: Nathaniel K C Leong; Daniel K W Chu; Julie T S Chu; Yat H Tam; Dennis K M Ip; Benjamin J Cowling; Leo L M Poon Journal: Influenza Other Respir Viruses Date: 2020-06-10 Impact factor: 4.380
Authors: Gabriela Fontanella Biondo; João Carlos Santana; Patrícia M Lago; Jefferson Piva; Paulo Ricardo A Souza; Joana Genz Gaulke; Juliana M Sebben Journal: Braz J Infect Dis Date: 2018-06-05 Impact factor: 3.257