Jonathan Y Bernard1, Martine Armand2, Hugo Peyre3, Cyrielle Garcia2, Anne Forhan4, Maria De Agostini4, Marie-Aline Charles5, Barbara Heude4. 1. UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (ORCHAD) Team, Inserm, Villejuif, France; Paris Descartes University, France. Electronic address: jonathan.bernard@inserm.fr. 2. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine UMR 7339, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France. 3. Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Psycholinguistics (École Normale Supérieure, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France. 4. UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (ORCHAD) Team, Inserm, Villejuif, France; Paris Descartes University, France. 5. UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (ORCHAD) Team, Inserm, Villejuif, France; Paris Descartes University, France; Fondation PremUP, Paris, France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in breast milk with children's IQ. STUDY DESIGN: In the French Etude des Déterminants pré- et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé de l'Enfant (EDEN) mother-child cohort, colostrum samples were collected at the maternity unit. Colostrum omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA were analyzed by gas chromatography. At age 5-6 years, the IQs of 1080 children were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III. The relationships of breastfeeding duration and PUFA levels with children's IQs were examined by linear regression. RESULTS: Full scale IQ of ever breastfed children was 4.5 (95% CI: 2.7, 6.2) higher than never breastfed children in the unadjusted model, but this was not statistically significant in the adjusted model (1.3 points higher [-0.4, 3.0]). Any breastfeeding duration was associated with full scale (0.20 [0.00, 0.41] points/month) and verbal (0.31 [0.09, 0.52]) IQ. Colostrum linoleic acid (LA) levels were negatively associated with Verbal IQ (-0.6 [-1.1, 0.0] points per 1% level increase). Children exposed to colostrum high in LA and low in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had lower IQs than those exposed to colostrum high in DHA (3.0 [0.5, 5.5] points) and those exposed to colostrum low in LA and DHA (4.4 [1.6, 7.3] points). Finally, the association between breastfeeding duration and child IQ was stronger when LA levels were high. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of breastfeeding and colostrum PUFA levels were associated with children's IQs in the EDEN cohort. These data support breastfeeding and add evidence for the role of early PUFA exposure on childhood cognition.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in breast milk with children's IQ. STUDY DESIGN: In the French Etude des Déterminants pré- et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé de l'Enfant (EDEN) mother-child cohort, colostrum samples were collected at the maternity unit. Colostrum omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA were analyzed by gas chromatography. At age 5-6 years, the IQs of 1080 children were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III. The relationships of breastfeeding duration and PUFA levels with children's IQs were examined by linear regression. RESULTS: Full scale IQ of ever breastfed children was 4.5 (95% CI: 2.7, 6.2) higher than never breastfed children in the unadjusted model, but this was not statistically significant in the adjusted model (1.3 points higher [-0.4, 3.0]). Any breastfeeding duration was associated with full scale (0.20 [0.00, 0.41] points/month) and verbal (0.31 [0.09, 0.52]) IQ. Colostrum linoleic acid (LA) levels were negatively associated with Verbal IQ (-0.6 [-1.1, 0.0] points per 1% level increase). Children exposed to colostrum high in LA and low in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had lower IQs than those exposed to colostrum high in DHA (3.0 [0.5, 5.5] points) and those exposed to colostrum low in LA and DHA (4.4 [1.6, 7.3] points). Finally, the association between breastfeeding duration and child IQ was stronger when LA levels were high. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of breastfeeding and colostrum PUFA levels were associated with children's IQs in the EDEN cohort. These data support breastfeeding and add evidence for the role of early PUFA exposure on childhood cognition.
Authors: Hugo Peyre; Jean-Michel Albaret; Jonathan Y Bernard; Nicolas Hoertel; Maria Melchior; Anne Forhan; Marion Taine; Barbara Heude; Maria De Agostini; Cédric Galéra; Franck Ramus Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2019-03-12 Impact factor: 4.785
Authors: Jonathan Y Bernard; Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman; Emmanuel Cohen; Sandrine Lioret; Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain; Marie-Aline Charles; Michael S Kramer; Emily Oken Journal: Birth Date: 2019-12-28 Impact factor: 3.689